<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“utf-8”?> <style xmlns=“purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl” class=“in-text” version=“1.0” demote-non-dropping-particle=“display-and-sort” page-range-format=“chicago”>

<info>
  <title>Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (author-date)</title>
  <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date</id>
  <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date" rel="self"/>
  <link href="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html" rel="documentation"/>
  <author>
    <name>Julian Onions</name>
    <email>julian.onions@gmail.com</email>
  </author>
  <contributor>
    <name>Sebastian Karcher</name>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <name>Richard Karnesky</name>
    <email>karnesky+zotero@gmail.com</email>
    <uri>http://arc.nucapt.northwestern.edu/Richard_Karnesky</uri>
  </contributor>
  <contributor>
    <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
    <email>andrew.dunning@utoronto.ca</email>
  </contributor>
  <category citation-format="author-date"/>
  <category field="generic-base"/>
  <summary>The author-date variant of the Chicago style</summary>
  <updated>2017-03-26T07:38:25+00:00</updated>
  <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
</info>
<locale xml:lang="en">
  <terms>
    <term name="editor" form="verb-short">ed.</term>
    <term name="container-author" form="verb">by</term>
    <term name="translator" form="verb-short">trans.</term>
    <term name="editortranslator" form="verb">
      <single>edited and translated by</single>
      <multiple>edited and translated by</multiple>
    </term>
    <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
  </terms>
</locale>
<macro name="secondary-contributors">
  <choose>
    <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="none">
      <group delimiter=". ">
        <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=". ">
          <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
          <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
        </names>
        <names variable="director" delimiter=". ">
          <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
          <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
        </names>
      </group>
    </if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="container-contributors">
  <choose>
    <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
      <group prefix=", " delimiter=", ">
        <names variable="container-author" delimiter=", ">
          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
          <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
        </names>
        <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
          <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
        </names>
      </group>
    </if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="editor">
  <names variable="editor">
    <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
    <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
  </names>
</macro>
<macro name="translator">
  <names variable="translator">
    <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
    <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
  </names>
</macro>
<macro name="recipient">
  <choose>
    <if type="personal_communication">
      <choose>
        <if variable="genre">
          <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </if>
  </choose>
  <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
    <label form="verb" prefix=" " text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
    <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
  </names>
</macro>
<macro name="substitute-title">
  <choose>
    <if type="article-magazine article-newspaper review review-book" match="any">
      <text macro="container-title"/>
    </if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="contributors">
  <group delimiter=". ">
    <names variable="author">
      <name and="text" name-as-sort-order="first" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
      <substitute>
        <names variable="editor"/>
        <names variable="translator"/>
        <names variable="director"/>
        <text macro="substitute-title"/>
        <text macro="title"/>
      </substitute>
    </names>
    <text macro="recipient"/>
  </group>
</macro>
<macro name="contributors-short">
  <names variable="author">
    <name form="short" and="text" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
    <substitute>
      <names variable="editor"/>
      <names variable="translator"/>
      <names variable="director"/>
      <text macro="substitute-title"/>
      <text macro="title"/>
    </substitute>
  </names>
</macro>
<macro name="interviewer">
  <names variable="interviewer" delimiter=", ">
    <label form="verb" prefix=" " text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
    <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
  </names>
</macro>
<macro name="archive">
  <group delimiter=". ">
    <text variable="archive_location" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="archive"/>
    <text variable="archive-place"/>
  </group>
</macro>
<macro name="access">
  <group delimiter=". ">
    <choose>
      <if type="graphic report" match="any">
        <text macro="archive"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="article-journal bill book chapter legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference" match="none">
        <text macro="archive"/>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
    <choose>
      <if type="webpage post-weblog" match="any">
        <date variable="issued" delimiter=" ">
          <date-part name="month"/>
          <date-part name="day"/>
        </date>
      </if>
    </choose>
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued" match="none">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          <date variable="accessed" delimiter=" ">
            <date-part name="month"/>
            <date-part name="day"/>
          </date>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
    <choose>
      <if type="legal_case" match="none">
        <choose>
          <if variable="DOI">
            <text variable="DOI" prefix="doi:"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="URL"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </group>
</macro>
<macro name="title">
  <choose>
    <if variable="title" match="none">
      <choose>
        <if type="personal_communication" match="none">
          <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </if>
    <else-if type="bill book graphic legislation motion_picture song" match="any">
      <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
      <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
        <text term="version"/>
        <text variable="version"/>
      </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="reviewed-author">
      <choose>
        <if variable="reviewed-title">
          <group delimiter=". ">
            <text variable="title" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
            <group delimiter=", ">
              <text variable="reviewed-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
              <names variable="reviewed-author">
                <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
                <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
              </names>
            </group>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else>
          <group delimiter=", ">
            <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
            <names variable="reviewed-author">
              <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
              <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
            </names>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="legal_case interview patent" match="any">
      <text variable="title"/>
    </else-if>
    <else>
      <text variable="title" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
    </else>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="edition">
  <choose>
    <if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
      <choose>
        <if is-numeric="edition">
          <group delimiter=" " prefix=". ">
            <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
            <text term="edition" form="short" strip-periods="true"/>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else>
          <text variable="edition" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </if>
    <else-if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
      <choose>
        <if is-numeric="edition">
          <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
            <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
            <text term="edition" form="short"/>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else>
          <text variable="edition" prefix=", "/>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </else-if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="locators">
  <choose>
    <if type="article-journal">
      <choose>
        <if variable="volume">
          <text variable="volume" prefix=" "/>
          <group prefix=" (" suffix=")">
            <choose>
              <if variable="issue">
                <text variable="issue"/>
              </if>
              <else>
                <date variable="issued">
                  <date-part name="month"/>
                </date>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else-if variable="issue">
          <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
            <text term="issue" form="short"/>
            <text variable="issue"/>
            <date variable="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")">
              <date-part name="month"/>
            </date>
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else>
          <date variable="issued" prefix=", ">
            <date-part name="month"/>
          </date>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </if>
    <else-if type="legal_case">
      <text variable="volume" prefix=", "/>
      <text variable="container-title" prefix=" "/>
      <text variable="page" prefix=" "/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
      <group prefix=". " delimiter=". ">
        <group>
          <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
          <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
        </group>
        <group>
          <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric"/>
          <text term="volume" form="short" prefix=" " plural="true"/>
        </group>
      </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
      <choose>
        <if variable="page" match="none">
          <group prefix=". ">
            <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
            <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
          </group>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </else-if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="locators-chapter">
  <choose>
    <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
      <choose>
        <if variable="page">
          <group prefix=", ">
            <text variable="volume" suffix=":"/>
            <text variable="page"/>
          </group>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="locators-article">
  <choose>
    <if type="article-newspaper">
      <group prefix=", " delimiter=", ">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <text variable="edition"/>
          <text term="edition"/>
        </group>
        <group>
          <text term="section" form="short" suffix=" "/>
          <text variable="section"/>
        </group>
      </group>
    </if>
    <else-if type="article-journal">
      <choose>
        <if variable="volume issue" match="any">
          <text variable="page" prefix=": "/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <text variable="page" prefix=", "/>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </else-if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="point-locators">
  <choose>
    <if variable="locator">
      <choose>
        <if locator="page" match="none">
          <choose>
            <if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
              <choose>
                <if variable="volume">
                  <group>
                    <text term="volume" form="short" suffix=" "/>
                    <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
                    <label variable="locator" form="short" prefix=", " suffix=" "/>
                  </group>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <label variable="locator" form="short" suffix=" "/>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </if>
            <else>
              <label variable="locator" form="short" suffix=" "/>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </if>
        <else-if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
          <number variable="volume" form="numeric" suffix=":"/>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
      <text variable="locator"/>
    </if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="container-prefix">
  <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</macro>
<macro name="container-title">
  <choose>
    <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
      <text macro="container-prefix" suffix=" "/>
    </if>
  </choose>
  <choose>
    <if type="legal_case" match="none">
      <text variable="container-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
    </if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="publisher">
  <group delimiter=": ">
    <text variable="publisher-place"/>
    <text variable="publisher"/>
  </group>
</macro>
<macro name="date">
  <choose>
    <if variable="issued">
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <date variable="original-date" form="text" date-parts="year" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year"/>
        </date>
      </group>
    </if>
    <else-if variable="accessed">
      <date variable="accessed">
        <date-part name="year"/>
      </date>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="status">
      <text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </else-if>
    <else>
      <text term="no date" form="short"/>
    </else>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="date-in-text">
  <choose>
    <if variable="issued">
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <date variable="original-date" form="text" date-parts="year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year"/>
        </date>
      </group>
    </if>
    <else-if variable="accessed">
      <date variable="accessed">
        <date-part name="year"/>
      </date>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="status">
      <text variable="status"/>
    </else-if>
    <else>
      <text term="no date" form="short"/>
    </else>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="day-month">
  <date variable="issued">
    <date-part name="month"/>
    <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
  </date>
</macro>
<macro name="collection-title">
  <choose>
    <if match="none" type="article-journal">
      <choose>
        <if match="none" is-numeric="collection-number">
          <group delimiter=", ">
            <text variable="collection-title" text-case="title"/>
            <text variable="collection-number"/>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="collection-title" text-case="title"/>
            <text variable="collection-number"/>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="collection-title-journal">
  <choose>
    <if type="article-journal">
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <text variable="collection-title"/>
        <text variable="collection-number"/>
      </group>
    </if>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="event">
  <group>
    <text term="presented at" suffix=" "/>
    <text variable="event"/>
  </group>
</macro>
<macro name="description">
  <choose>
    <if type="interview">
      <group delimiter=". ">
        <text macro="interviewer"/>
        <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </group>
    </if>
    <else-if type="patent">
      <group delimiter=" " prefix=". ">
        <text variable="authority"/>
        <text variable="number"/>
      </group>
    </else-if>
    <else>
      <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
    </else>
  </choose>
  <choose>
    <if variable="title" match="none"/>
    <else-if type="thesis personal_communication speech" match="any"/>
    <else>
      <group delimiter=" " prefix=". ">
        <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        <choose>
          <if type="report">
            <text variable="number"/>
          </if>
        </choose>
      </group>
    </else>
  </choose>
</macro>
<macro name="issue">
  <choose>
    <if type="legal_case">
      <text variable="authority" prefix=". "/>
    </if>
    <else-if type="speech">
      <group prefix=". " delimiter=", ">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          <text macro="event"/>
        </group>
        <text variable="event-place"/>
        <text macro="day-month"/>
      </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="article-newspaper article-magazine personal_communication" match="any">
      <text macro="day-month" prefix=", "/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="patent">
      <group delimiter=", " prefix=", ">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <!--Needs Localization-->
          <text value="filed"/>
          <date variable="submitted" form="text"/>
        </group>
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <choose>
            <if variable="issued submitted" match="all">
              <text term="and"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <!--Needs Localization-->
          <text value="issued"/>
          <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
        </group>
      </group>
    </else-if>
    <else>
      <group prefix=". " delimiter=", ">
        <choose>
          <if type="thesis">
            <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          </if>
        </choose>
        <text macro="publisher"/>
      </group>
    </else>
  </choose>
</macro>
<citation et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" givenname-disambiguation-rule="primary-name" collapse="year">
  <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
    <group delimiter=", ">
      <choose>
        <if variable="issued accessed" match="any">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text macro="contributors-short"/>
            <text macro="date-in-text"/>
          </group>
        </if>
        <!---comma before forthcoming and n.d.-->
        <else>
          <group delimiter=", ">
            <text macro="contributors-short"/>
            <text macro="date-in-text"/>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <text macro="point-locators"/>
    </group>
  </layout>
</citation>
<bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="11" et-al-use-first="7" subsequent-author-substitute="&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;" entry-spacing="0">
  <sort>
    <key macro="contributors"/>
    <key variable="issued"/>
    <key variable="title"/>
  </sort>
  <layout suffix=".">
    <group delimiter=". ">
      <text macro="contributors"/>
      <text macro="date"/>
      <text macro="title"/>
    </group>
    <text macro="description"/>
    <text macro="secondary-contributors" prefix=". "/>
    <text macro="container-title" prefix=". "/>
    <text macro="container-contributors"/>
    <text macro="edition"/>
    <text macro="locators-chapter"/>
    <text macro="collection-title-journal" prefix=", " suffix=", "/>
    <text macro="locators"/>
    <text macro="collection-title" prefix=". "/>
    <text macro="issue"/>
    <text macro="locators-article"/>
    <text macro="access" prefix=". "/>
  </layout>
</bibliography>

</style>