metadata {
authority_id: alalc id: 1997 language: iso-639-2:aze source_script: Arab destination_script: Latn name: Romanization Table -- azerbaij (1997) url: http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/azerbaij.pdf creation_date: 1997 description: | ALA-LC Romanization table for Arabic notes: - 1. As seen in the examples above, vowel harmony, which is found in Modern Turkish, applies to Azerbaijani as well. - 2. The letter ى in final position may represent the long vowel romanized á, in addition to the vowels romanized i and 1. This occurs in Arabic names, such as Mustafá al-Musanná - 3. Vowel points are used sparingly in Azerbaijani publications. For romanization, they must be supplied from a dictionary. - Rule 1 ء hamza (a) When initial, ء is not represented in romanization üzdah أوزدة (b) When medial or final in words of Perso-Arabic origin, 9 is romanized as ’ (alit), except when it accompanies the phonetic sound e (as in men), in which case it is romanized by e. mas’alah مَسئَلة gecah كئجة necah نئجة - Rule 2 ˜ (maddah) (a) Initial آ is romanized ā. ādām آدام (b) Medial آ, when it represents the phonetic combination ’ā, is so romanized. Heydar'ãbãd حيدَرآبَاد - Rule 3 ّ (shaddah or tashdid) is represented by doubling the letter or digraph concerned. sãqqãl سَاقَّال Note the exceptional case where ّ is written over و and ي to represent the combination of long vowel plus consonants. madaníyat مَدَنِيَّت - | Rule 4 Tanvīn (written form ٌ, ً (ًا), or ٍ ) which occurs chiefly in Arabic words, is romanized un, in, an, and an, respectively. (a) When it occurs in indefinite nouns derived from defective roots. qāḍin قاضٍ ma‘nan معنىً (b) When it indicates the adverbial use of a noun or adjective. ṭab‘an طبعًا faj’atan فجأةً al-Mushtarik waḍ‘an المشترك وضعاً wa-al-muftariq ṣuq‘an والمفترق صقعاً - ة in a word in the construct state is romanized t. See rule 7(b). - The consonant letter ö at the end of Arabic words in the genetive construction (izãfah) is romanized by t. takmilat al-axbãr تَكمِلَة الأخبَار # Grammatical Structure as It Affects Romanization - Rule 6 izãfah. When two Persian words are used in an Azerbaijani context in a relationship known as izãfah, the first word ( the muzãf) is followed by an additional letter or syllable in romanization. This is added according to the following rules (a) When the muzaf bears no special mark of izãfah, it is followed by -i. Sazman-i tabligãti-Islãm سازمان تبليغات اسلامي (b) When the muzãf is marked by the addition of 9, it is followed by -'i. Nãbigah-'i dahr نابغة دَهر (c) When the muzãf is marked by the addition of û, it is followed by -yi. darya-yi nur دَريَاي نُور (d) izãfah is represented in romanization of personal names only when implied in the Persian script. Mucír-i BeylaqãnT مَجير بيلقاني Maktabí-i Sírãzí مكتبي شيرازي # Affixes and Compounds - Rule 7 Affixes. (a) When the affix and the word with it is connected grammatically are written separately in Azerbaijani, the two are separated in romanization by a single prime('). (b) The Arabic article al is separated by a hyphen, in romanization, from the word to which it is prefixed. - Rule 8 Compounds. When the elements of a compound (except a compound personal name) are written separately in Azerbaijani, they are separated in romanization by a single prime('). # Orthography of Azerbaijani in Romanization - Rule 9 Capitalization (a) Rules for the capitalization of English are followed, except that the Arabic article al, is lower cased in all positions. (b) Diacritics are used with both upper and lower case letters in romanization. - Rule 10 Foreign words. Foreign words in an Azerbaijani context, including Persian and Arabic words, are romanized according to the rules for Azerbaijani. For short vowels not indicated in the script, the Azerbaijani vowels nearest the original pronunciation of the word are supplied in romanization.
}
tests {
test "بَرَكَت", "Barakat" test "سَاحِل", "Sāḥil" test "بَادِمجَان", "Bādimcān" test "قُدرَت", "Qudrat" test "بُوغَا", "Būğā" test "آرَام", "Ārām" test "اِئنلِي", "Enlī" test "دَلِيل", "Dalīl" test "قَارَانلِيق", "Qārānlīq" test "اِيش", "Īş" test "اِيشِيق", "Īşīq" test "اُون", "On" test "ُاون", "Ūn" test "ُاؤن", "Ön" # - source: ُأوزُوم # expected: üzūm test "اَيْوَان", "Eyvān" test "اَوحَدِي", "Awḥadī" test "َاوَّل", "Avval" test "طَهي", "Ṭahy" # From Rule 1 - part a test "ُأوزدَة", "Üzdah" # From Rule 1 - part b test "مَسئَلَة", "Mas’alah" test "گِئجَة", "Gecah" test "نِئچَة", "Neçah" # From Rule 2 - part a test "آدَام", "Ādām" # From Rule 2 - part b test "حَيْدَرآبَاد", "Ḥeydar’ābād" # From Rule 3 test "سَاقَّال", "Sāqqāl" test "مَدَنِيَّت", "Madanīyat" # From Rule 5 test "تَكمِلَة الأَخبَار", "Takmilat al-Axbār"
}
stage {
# CHARACTERS parallel { sub "\u0628\u0651", "bb" # ب sub "\u067E\u0651", "pp" # پ sub "\u062A\u0651", "tt" # ت sub "\u062b\u0651", "s̱s̱" # ث sub "\u062C\u0651", "cc" # ج sub "\u0686\u0651", "çç" # چ sub "\u062d\u0651", "ḥḥ" # ح sub "\u062E\u0651", "xx" # خ sub "\u062F\u0651", "dd" # د sub "\u0630\u0651", "ẕẕ" # ذ sub "\u0631\u0651", "rr" # ر sub "\u0632\u0651", "zz" # ز sub "\u0698\u0651", "jj" # ژ sub "\u0633\u0651", "ss" # س sub "\u0634\u0651", "şş" # ش sub "\u0635\u0651", "ṣṣ" # ص sub "\u0636\u0651", "z̤z̤" # ض sub "\u0637\u0651", "ṭṭ" # ط sub "\u0638\u0651", "ẓẓ" # ظ sub "\u0639\u0651", "‘‘" # ع sub "\u063A\u0651", "ğğ" # غ sub "\u0341\u0651", "ff" # ف sub "\u0642\u0651", "qq" # ق sub "\u06A9\u0651", "kk" # ك sub "\u0643\u0651", "kk" # ك sub "\u06AF\u0651", "gg" # گ sub "\u0644\u0651", "ll" # ل sub "\u0645\u0651", "mm" # م sub "\u0646\u0651", "nn" # ن sub "\u0648\u0651", "vv" # و sub "\u0647\u0651", "hh" # ه sub "\u064A\u0651", "yy" # ي sub "\u060c", "," # ، sub "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647", "Allāh" sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644", "al-" # ال sub "\u0628", "b" # ب sub "\u067E", "p" # پ sub "\u062A", "t" # ت sub "\u062b", "s̱" # ث sub "\u062C", "c" # ج sub "\u0686", "ç" # چ sub "\u062d", "ḥ" # ح sub "\u062E", "x" # خ sub "\u062F", "d" # د sub "\u0630", "ẕ" # ذ sub "\u0631", "r" # ر sub "\u0632", "z" # ز sub "\u0698", "j" # ژ sub "\u0633", "s" # س sub "\u0634", "ş" # ش sub "\u0635", "ṣ" # ص sub "\u0636", "z̤" # ض sub "\u0637", "ṭ" # ط sub "\u0638", "ẓ" # ظ sub "\u0639", "‘" # ع sub "\u063A", "ğ" # غ sub "\u0341", "f" # ف sub "\u0642", "q" # ق sub "\u06A9", "k" # ك sub "\u0643", "k" # ك sub "\u06AF", "g" # گ sub "\u0644", "l" # ل sub "\u0645", "m" # م sub "\u0646", "n" # ن sub "\u0648", "v" # و sub "\u0647", "h" # ه sub "\u064A", "y" # ي # Vowels and Diphthongs sub "\u064e", "a" sub "\u0650", "i" sub "\u064f", "u" sub "\u064f\u0648", "ū" # ـُو damma followed by و sub "\u064e\u0627", "ā" # ـَا fatha followed by ا sub "\u0622", "ā" # آ sub "\u0650" + any("\u0621\u0623\u0624\u0626"), "e" # ـِأ kasra followed by hamza sub "\u0650\u064a", "ī" # ـِي kasra followed by ي sub "\u0650\u0627\u064a", "ī" # ـِي kasra followed by ي sub maybe(any("\u064f")) + "\u0627\u064f\u0648", "o" # ـُاُو sub "\u064f\u0627\u0648", "ū" # ـُاو sub "\u064f\u0627\u0624", "ö" # ـُاؤ sub "\u064f\u0623\u0648", "ü" # ـُأو sub "\u064e\u064a\u0652", "ey" # ـَيْ sub "\u064e\u0648" + maybe("\u0652"), "aw" # ـَوْ sub boundary + "\u0627", "" # ا sub boundary + "\u064e\u0627", "a" # ـَا sub boundary + "\u0650\u0627", "i" # ـِا # hamzah sub boundary + "\u0623", "" # أ sub "\u0623", "’", not_before: "\u0644" # أ sub "\u0623", ""# أ sub "\u0624", "’" # ؤ sub "\u0626", "’" # ئ sub boundary + "\u0622", "ā" # آ sub "\u0622", "’ā", not_before: any([boundary + "\u0627\u0644", boundary]), not_after: any([boundary, "\u0621"]) # آ in middle, not final, or initial, or after ال sub "\u064e\u0622", "ā" # ـَآ fatha followed by ا sub "\u0622", "" # آ # Rule 3 - shadda sub "\u0650\u064a\u0651", "īy" # ـِيَّ sub "\u064f\u0648\u0651", "ūw" # ـَوّ damma followed by و with shadda sub "\u0650\u064a\u0651" + boundary, "ī" # ـِيَّ sub "\u064e\u0648\u0651", "aww" # ـَوّ fatha followed by و with shadda sub "\u064e\u064a\u0651", "ayy" # ـَيّ fatha followed by و with shadda # Rule 4 - tanvin sub "\u064c", "un" # ٌ sub "\u064b", "an" # ً sub "\u064d", "in" # ٍ # tanween should be onb the letter preceeding the end in case of ا, ى # however, it's common that people mistake that, so we're handling both orders sub "\u064b\u0649", "an" # ً sub "\u064b\u0627", "an" # ً sub "\u0649\u064b", "an" # ً sub "\u0627\u064b", "an" # ً # Rule 5 ta' marboota sub "\u0629", "t" # ة in the middle of the sentence sub "\u0629" + line_end, "h" sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0629", "h", before: boundary + "\u0627\u0644" + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") + any("\u0600".."\u06ff") sub "\u0650\u064a", "iy", after: any("\u064e\u064f") # ـِي kasra followed by ي sub "\u064e\u0649", "á" # ـَى fatha followed by ى which is ا not ي } # POSTRULES sub any("\u0061".."\uFFFF"), upcase, before: boundary, not_before: boundary + any("‘’'") sub boundary + "Al", "al" # الت compose
}