metadata {

authority_id: iso
id: 15919-2001
language: iso-639-2:tam
source_script: Taml
destination_script: Latn
name: "ISO 15919:2001 Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters (Tamil)"
url: https://www.chatranjali.fr/Scripts/Standards/ISO15919.pdf
creation_date: 2001
adoption_date: 2001
description: |
  Script conversion is often required for documents such as historical and literary texts, geographical texts (including
  maps and atlases), bibliographies, catalogues, lists and passports (and other identification documents).

  Text in Devanagari script or other Indic scripts sometimes needs to be shown in Latin script, where users, or
  equipment that they are using, cannot read or write the text

  This International Standard applies to transliteration of Devanagari, and to Indic scripts related to Devanagari,
  independent of the period in which it is or was used.

notes:

  - All transliterations made using this International Standard shall be case-insensitive.
  - Inherent a with a consonant shall always be transliterated.
  - anusvara (including Vedic anusvara) shall be transliterated as ṁ
  - candrabindu shall be transliterated as m̐
  - When m̐, ṃ or ṁ are associated with a vowel, they shall be placed after the vowel. When m̐ is associated
    with a semivowel, it shall be placed before the semivowel.
  - Latin punctuation signs and Hindu-Arabic numerals shall remain unchanged in transliteration.
    Indic punctuation is outside the scope of this International Standard.
  - The Vedic accent Udatta shall be transliterated as an acute accent over the transliterated vowel, and the
    independent Svarita as a grave accent over the transliterated vowel. In the case of the digraphs ai, au, the accent
    shall be attached to the second vowel.
  - |
    A colon: before a Latin character shall be used to resolve ambiguity. Some normative cases are as
    follows.
     -  :’ for avagraha in modern text. (The apostrophe in modern text remains unchanged in accordance with previous rule.
     - Removal of ambiguity in the limited character set option. Tamil perii:i:iya, “really big”, separating the vowels.
  - If a character in an Indic script is defined in such a way as to be equivalent to another character in any
    script, where the second character has a transliteration in this International Standard, then the first character shall
    be transliterated in the same way as the second character.
  - Numerals in Tamil scripts shall be converted into decimal notation on transliteration, where
    necessary.
  - Where it is desired to show the Vedic accent Anudatta, it should be transliterated as an underscore. In the case of
    the digraphs ai, au, both Latin vowels should be underscored.
    Where word boundaries are not shown in the original text (as happens commonly in Sanskrit) and a word ends in a
    consonant, the transliteration should show word division by a space; but when phonological processes result in two
    words sharing a common vowel, no attempt should be made to separate them. This will require a good knowledge
    of the language in question.

}

tests {

test "கார்த்திகேயன்", "kaāratataikaēyaṉa"
test "௲", "1000"
test "இளைஞர்களின் உறுதியான மனநிலையை பிரதிபலிக்கிறது: நீட் தேர்வில் ௮௫-௯௦ சதவீத மாணவர்கள் பங்கேற்பு - ரமேஷ் பொக்ரியால்", "iḷaaiñarakaḷaiṉa uṟautaiyaāṉa maṉanailaaiyaai pairataipalaikakaiṟatau: naīṭa taēravaila 85-9௦ catavaīta maāṇavarakaḷa paṅakaēṟapau - ramaēṣa paokaraiyaāla"
test "நாடாளுமன்றத்தில் 4 மசோதாக்களை எதிர்க்க காங்கிரஸ் முடிவு - ஜெயராம் ரமேஷ்", "naāṭaāḷaumaṉaṟatataila 4 macaōtaākakaḷaai etairakaka kaāṅakairasa mauṭaivau - jaeyaraāma ramaēṣa"
test "கர்நாடகாவில் மேலும் 9,894 பேருக்கு கொரோனா தொற்று உறுதி", "karanaāṭakaāvaila maēlauma 9,894 paēraukakau kaoraōṉaā taoṟaṟau uṟautai"
test "ஐதராபாத்துக்கு கைகொடுக்குமா அதிரடி?", "aitaraāpaātataukakau kaaikaoṭaukakaumaā atairaṭai?"
test "அமெரிக்க ஓபன் டென்னிஸ்: இறுதிப்போட்டியில் டொமினிக்-ஸ்வெரேவ்", "amaeraikaka ōpaṉa ṭaeṉaṉaisa: iṟautaipapaōṭaṭaiyaila ṭaomaiṉaika-savaeraēva"
test "ஐ.பி.எல். கிரிக்கெட்டில் களம் இறங்கும் அமெரிக்க வீரர்", "ai.pai.ela. kairaikakaeṭaṭaila kaḷama iṟaṅakauma amaeraikaka vaīrara"
test "அமெரிக்க ஓபன் டென்னிஸ்; நவோமி ஒசாகா சாம்பியன் பட்டம் வென்றார்", "amaeraikaka ōpaṉa ṭaeṉaṉaisa; navaōmai ocaākaā caāmapaiyaṉa paṭaṭama vaeṉaṟaāra"
test "புதிய கல்விக்கொள்கைக்கு எதிர்ப்பு: முன்னாள் துணைவேந்தர்கள் 20 பேர் பிரதமருக்கு கடிதம்", "pautaiya kalavaikakaoḷakaaikakau etairapapau: mauṉaṉaāḷa tauṇaaivaēnatarakaḷa 20 paēra pairatamaraukakau kaṭaitama"
test "இந்த ஆண்டு ஐ.பி.எல். கோப்பையை எந்த அணி வெல்லும்? - கெவின் பீட்டர்சன் கணிப்பு", "inata āṇaṭau ai.pai.ela. kaōpapaaiyaai enata aṇai vaelalauma? - kaevaiṉa paīṭaṭaracaṉa kaṇaipapau"
test "இந்திய எண்ணெய் கப்பலில் தீ: விபத்து குறித்த எச்சரிக்கையை கப்பல் அதிகாரிகள் புறக்கணித்தனர் - இலங்கை கோர்ட்டு தகவல்", "inataiya eṇaṇaeya kapapalaila taī: vaipatatau kauṟaitata ecacaraikakaaiyaai kapapala ataikaāraikaḷa pauṟakakaṇaitataṉara - ilaṅakaai kaōraṭaṭau takavala"

}

stage {

# CHARACTERS
parallel {
  sub "அ", "a"
  sub "ஆ", "ā"
  sub "ா", "ā"

  sub "இ", "i"
  sub "ி", "i"

  sub "ஈ", "ī"
  sub "ீ", "ī"

  sub "உ", "u"
  sub "ு", "u"

  sub "ஊ", "ū"
  sub "ூ", "ū"

  sub "ெ", "e"
  sub "எ", "e"

  sub "ே", "ē"
  sub "ஏ", "ē"

  sub "ஐ", "ai"
  sub "ை", "ai"

  sub "ஒ", "o"
  sub "ொ", "o"

  sub "ோ", "ō"
  sub "ஓ", "ō"

  sub "ஔ", "au"
  sub "ௌ", "au"

  sub "க", "ka"
  sub "ங", "ṅa"
  sub "ஃ", "ḵ"
  sub "ச", "ca"
  sub "ஞ", "ña"
  sub "ட", "ṭa"
  sub "ண", "ṇa"
  sub "த", "ta"
  sub "ந", "na"
  sub "ப", "pa"
  sub "ம", "ma"
  sub "ய", "ya"
  sub "ர", "ra"
  sub "ல", "la"
  sub "ள", "ḷa"
  sub "ழ", "ḻa"
  sub "வ", "va"
  sub "ற", "ṟa"
  sub "ன", "ṉa"
  sub "ஜ", "ja"
  sub "ஶ", "śa"
  sub "ஷ", "ṣa"
  sub "ஸ", "sa"
  sub "ஹ", "ha"

  # Digits
  sub "௧", "1"
  sub "௨", "2"
  sub "௩", "3"
  sub "௪", "4"
  sub "௫", "5"
  sub "௬", "6"
  sub "௭", "7"
  sub "௮", "8"
  sub "௯", "9"
  sub "௰", "10"
  sub "௱", "100"
  sub "௲", "1000"

  sub "்", ""
  sub "‍", "" # no need for zero with joiner
  sub "‌", "" # no need for zero with non joiner
}

compose

}