metadata {

authority_id: var
id: lessing
language: iso-639-2:mon
source_script: Mong
destination_script: Latn
name: Lessing transliteration system for Uyghur-Mongolian script
url: https://collab.its.virginia.edu/wiki/tibetan-script/Transliteration%20Schemes%20for%20Mongolian%20Vertical%20Script.html
creation_date:
description: |
  The only system for the Mongolian vertical script which is used commonly throughout
  Mongolian studies worldwide is the Vladimirtsov-Mostaert system (V-M). The only
  dictionary using this system is in an appendix to Antoine Mostaert’s Dictionnaire
  ordos. Thus the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies specifies, “please use the written
  Mongolian appendix to Antoine Mostaert’s Dictionnaire ordos. However, the V-M system
  has many difficult diacriticals and non-Latin characters that constitute a significant
  problem for editors and thus is difficult to recommend.

notes:
  - A separated final form of vowels a or e is common, and can appear at the end
    of a word, word stem, or suffix. This form requires a final-shaped preceding
    consonant and an inter-word gap in between. The vowels themselves appear as ᠎ᠠ,
    and with consonants as ‍ᠬ᠎ᠠ q‑a, ‍ᠷ᠎ᠠ r‑a/r‑e, etc. This gap can be transliterated
    with a hyphen. In digital typesetting, these forms are triggered by inserting
    a U+180E ᠎ MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR (HTML ᠎ · MVS) between the consonant
    and vowel.
  - All case suffixes, as well as any plural suffixes consisting of one or two
    syllables are likewise separated by a preceding and hyphen-transliterated gap.
    In digital typesetting, this gap is represented by a U+202F   NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE
    (HTML   · NNBSP). A maximum of two case suffixes can be added to a stem.
    Single-letter vowel suffixes appear with the final-shaped forms of a/e, i, or u/ü,
    as in ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠ γaǰar‑a 'to the country' and ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠡ edür‑e 'on the day', or ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ulus‑i
    'the state' etc. Multi-letter suffixes most often start with an initial- (consonants),
    medial- (vowels), or variant-shaped form.

}

tests {

test "ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "køkexota" # Хөх хот
test "ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ordos xota" # Ордос хот
test "ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "bajannaγur xota" # Баяннуур хот
test "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ulaγanxota" # Улаан хот
test "ᠬᠣᠣᠯᠢᠠ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "xoolia γoul xota" # Хоолингол хот
test "ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "erijen xota" #  Эрээн хот
test "ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "rasijan xota" # Рашаан хот
test "ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "baγarin baraγun xosiγu" # Баарин баруун хошуу
test "ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "baγarin zegyn xosiγu" # Баарин зүүн хошуу
test "ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "tynglijou xota" # Байшинт хот
test "ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "sili-jin xota" # Шилийн хот
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "xorin ger sijan" # Horinger County
test "ᠤᠳᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "uda toγoriγ" # Уда тойрог
test "ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "yxai xota" # Үхай хот
test "ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "xainan toγoriγ" # Hainan District
test "ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠣᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "xairub-un toxoi toγoriγ" # Haibowan District
test "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ulaγancab xota" # Улаанцав хот
test "ᠵᠢᠨᠢᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "zining toγoriγ" # Жинин тойрог
test "ᠹᠸᠩᠵᠸᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "fvngzve xota" # Фенжень хот
test "ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "šangdu sijan" # Шанду шянь
test "ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩᠴᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "lijangcang sijan" # Liangcheng County
test "ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "caxar baraγun γarun emynedy xosiγu" # Цахар баруун гарын өмнөд хошуу
test "ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "caxar baraγun γarun dumdadu xosiγu" # Цахар баруун гарын дундад хошуу
test "ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "caxar baraγun γarun xoitu xosiγu" # Цахар баруун гарын хойд хошуу
test "ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "dørbed xosiγu" # Дөрвөд хошуу
test "ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "buγutu xota" # Бугaт хот
test "ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "køndelen toγoriγ" # Hondlon District
test "ᠴᠢᠩᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "cingšan toγoriγ" # Qingshan District
test "ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "siγuitu toγoriγ" # Шигуай тойрог
test "ᠵᠢᠦ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "ziy juvan toγoriγ" # Jiuyuan District
test "ᠭᠦᠶᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "gyjang sijan" # Guyang County
test "ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "tymed zegyn xosiγu" # Түмэд Зүүн хошуу
test "ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "tymed baraγun xosiγu" # Түмэд Баруун хошуу
test "ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "darxan muumingγ᠋an xolboγatu xosiγu" # Darhan Muminggan United Banner
test "ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "kesiγten xosiγu" # Hexigten Banner
test "ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "sin-e barγu zegyn xosiγu" # New Barag Left Banner
test "ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "sin-e barγu baraγun xosiγu" # New Barag Right Banner
test "ᠣᠲᠣᠭ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "otoγ xosiγu" # Otog Banner
test "ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "dalad xosiγu" # Dalad Banner
test "ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "zegynγar xosiγu" # Jungar Banner
test "ᠣᠲᠣᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "otoγ-un emynedy xosiγu" # Otog Front Banner
test "ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "xanggin xosiγu" # Hanggin Banner
test "ᠦᠦᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "yysin xosiγu" # Uxin Banner
test "ᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "ezin xoroγ-a xosiγu" # Эзэн Хороо хошуу
test "ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠢ᠌ᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "zalan ai᠌l xota" # Жалан-Айл хот
test "ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "jaγsi xota" # Ягши хот
test "ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "manzuur xota" # Манжуур хот
test "ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "xailar toγoriγ" # Хайлаар тойрог
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "xorcin toγoriγ" # Horqin District
test "ᠺᠠᠶᠢᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "kaily sijan" # Kailu County
test "ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "kyrij-e xosiγu" # Hure Banner
test "ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "naiman xosiγu" # Naiman Banner
test "ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "zarud xosiγu" # Jarud Banner
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "xorcin baraγun γarun dumdadu xosiγu" # Хорчин Баруун Гарын Дундад Хошуу
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "xorcin zegyn γarun dumdadu xosiγu" # Horqin Left Middle Banner
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "xorcin zegyn γarun xoitu xosiγu" # Horqin Left Rear Banner
test "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ulaγanxada xota" # Улаанхад хот
test "ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ", "sereci" # Salaqi
test "ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "gegen γoul xota" # Гэгээнгол хот
test "ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "alaša zegyn xosiγu" # Alxa Left Banner
test "ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "alaša baraγun xosiγu" # Alxa Right Banner # Alaša Baraγun xosiγu
test "ᠡᠵᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "ezen-e xosiγu" # Ejin Banner
test "ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "købegety sir-a xosiγu" # Хөвөөт Шар хошуу
test "ᠦᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "yjuvan sijan" # Үюань шянь
test "ᠦᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "ycuvan sijan" # Wuchuan County
test "ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "tyciuvan sijan" # Тучуань шянь
test "ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "linsi sijan" # Linxi County
test "ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "xaracin xosiγu" # Harqin Banner
test "ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "auxan xosiγu" # Aohan Banner
test "ᠬᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "xodong arad-un toγoriγ" # Huimin District
test "ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "saixan toγoriγ" # Saihan District
test "ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "sin-e xota toγoriγ" # Xincheng District
test "ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠣᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "xairub-un toxoi toγoriγ" # Haibowan (Hairibin Tohoi) District
test "ᠰᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "syng šan toγoriγ" # Songshan District
test "ᠬᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "kyng šan toγoriγ" # Hongshan District
test "ᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "arun xosiγu" # Арун хошуу
test "ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "juvan boo šan toγoriγ" # Юаньбаошань тойрог
test "ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "siluγun købegety caγan xosiγu" # Шулуун Хөвөөт Цагаан хошуу
test "ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "siluγun køke xosiγu" # Шулуун хөх хошуу
test "ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "urad-un dumdadu xosiγu" # Урадын Дундад Хошуу
test "ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "urad-un emynedy xosiγu" # Урадын Өмнөд Хошуу
test "ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "toγtaxu sijan" # Тогтох шянь
test "ᠰᠥᠨᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "søned zegyn xosiγu" # Sonid Left Banner
test "ᠰᠥᠨᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "søned baraγun xosiγu" # Sonid Right Banner
test "ᠣᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "ongniγud xosiγu" # Ongniud Banner
test "ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "zalaid xosiγu" # Jalaid Banner
test "ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "xanggin xoitu xosiγu" # Hanggin Rear Banner
test "ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠵᠤᠮᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "zegyn uzumucin xosiγu" # East Ujimqin Banner
test "ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "aru xorcin xosiγu" # Ar Horqin Banner
test "ᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "abaγ-a xosiγu" # Abag Banner
test "ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ", "burijad" # Буриад
test "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ", "ulaγanbaγatur" # Улаанбаатар
test "ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ", "cinggis xaγan" # Чингис Хаан

}

stage {

# RULES
sub "\u182c", "k", after: any("\u1821\u1822\u1825\u1826")
sub "\u182d", "g", after: any("\u1821\u1822\u1825\u1826")
sub "\u1820\u1836\u1822", "ai"
sub "\u1821\u1836\u1822", "ei"
sub "\u1823\u1836\u1822", "oi"
sub "\u1824\u1836\u1822", "ui"

# CHARACTERS
parallel {
  sub "ᠠ", "a" # \u1820
  sub "ᠡ", "e" # \u1821
  sub "ᠢ", "i" # \u1822
  sub "ᠣ", "o" # \u1823
  sub "ᠤ", "u" # \u1824
  sub "ᠥ", "ø" # \u1825
  sub "ᠦ", "y" # \u1826
  sub "ᠨ", "n" # \u1828
  sub "ᠩ", "ng" # \u1829
  sub "ᠬ", "x" # \u182c
  sub "ᠭ", "γ" # \u182d
  sub "ᠪ", "b" # \u182a
  sub "ᠫ", "p" # \u182b
  sub "ᠹ", "f" # \u1839
  sub "ᠰ", "s" # \u1830
  sub "ᠱ", "š" # \u1831
  sub "ᠲ", "t" # \u1832
  sub "ᠳ", "d" # \u1833
  sub "ᠯ", "l" # \u182f
  sub "ᠮ", "m" # \u182e
  sub "ᠴ", "c" # \u1834
  sub "ᠵ", "z" # \u1835
  sub "ᠶ", "j" # \u1836
  sub "ᠺ", "k" # \u183a
  sub "ᠷ", "r" # \u1837
  sub "ᠸ", "v" # \u1838
  sub "ᠾ", "h" # \u183e
  sub "᠁", '...' # \u1801
  sub "᠂", "," # \u1802
  sub "᠃", '.' # \u1803
  sub "᠄", ":" # \u1804
  sub "᠎", "-" # MVS
  sub " ", "-" # NNBSP
}

}