metadata {

authority_id: var
id: vpmc
language: iso-639-2:mon
source_script: Mong
destination_script: Latn
name: VPMC transliteration system for Uyghur-Mongolian script
url: https://collab.its.virginia.edu/wiki/tibetan-script/Transliteration%20Schemes%20for%20Mongolian%20Vertical%20Script.html
creation_date:
description: |
  The only system for the Mongolian vertical script which is used commonly throughout
  Mongolian studies worldwide is the Vladimirtsov-Mostaert system (V-M). The only
  dictionary using this system is in an appendix to Antoine Mostaert’s Dictionnaire
  ordos. Thus the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies specifies, “please use the written
  Mongolian appendix to Antoine Mostaert’s Dictionnaire ordos. However, the V-M system
  has many difficult diacriticals and non-Latin characters that constitute a significant
  problem for editors and thus is difficult to recommend.

notes:
  - A separated final form of vowels a or e is common, and can appear at the end
    of a word, word stem, or suffix. This form requires a final-shaped preceding
    consonant and an inter-word gap in between. The vowels themselves appear as ᠎ᠠ,
    and with consonants as ‍ᠬ᠎ᠠ q‑a, ‍ᠷ᠎ᠠ r‑a/r‑e, etc. This gap can be transliterated
    with a hyphen. In digital typesetting, these forms are triggered by inserting
    a U+180E ᠎ MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR (HTML ᠎ · MVS) between the consonant
    and vowel.
  - All case suffixes, as well as any plural suffixes consisting of one or two
    syllables are likewise separated by a preceding and hyphen-transliterated gap.
    In digital typesetting, this gap is represented by a U+202F   NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE
    (HTML   · NNBSP). A maximum of two case suffixes can be added to a stem.
    Single-letter vowel suffixes appear with the final-shaped forms of a/e, i, or u/ü,
    as in ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠ γaǰar‑a 'to the country' and ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠡ edür‑e 'on the day', or ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ulus‑i
    'the state' etc. Multi-letter suffixes most often start with an initial- (consonants),
    medial- (vowels), or variant-shaped form.

}

tests {

test "ᠬ᠎ᠠ", "q-a"
test "ᠷ᠎ᠠ", "r-a"
test "ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠ", "γaǰar-a"
test "ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠡ", "edür-e"
test "ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ", "ulus-i"
test "ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "kökeqota" # Хөх хот
test "ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ordos qota" # Ордос хот
test "ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "bayannaγur qota" # Баяннуур хот
test "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ulaγanqota" # Улаан хот
test "ᠬᠣᠣᠯᠢᠠ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "qoolia γoul qota" # Хоолингол хот
test "ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "eriyen qota" #  Эрээн хот
test "ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "rasiyan qota" # Рашаан хот
test "ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "baγarin baraγun qosiγu" # Баарин баруун хошуу
test "ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "baγarin ǰegün qosiγu" # Баарин зүүн хошуу
test "ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "tüngliyou qota" # Байшинт хот
test "ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "sili-yin qota" # Шилийн хот
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "qorin ger siyan" # Horinger County
test "ᠤᠳᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "uda toγoriγ" # Уда тойрог
test "ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "üqai qota" # Үхай хот
test "ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "qayinan toγoriγ" # Hainan District
test "ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠣᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "qayirub-un toqoi toγoriγ" # Haibowan District
test "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ulaγančab qota" # Улаанцав хот
test "ᠵᠢᠨᠢᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "ǰining toγoriγ" # Жинин тойрог
test "ᠹᠸᠩᠵᠸᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "fvngǰve qota" # Фенжень хот
test "ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "šangdu siyan" # Шанду шянь
test "ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩᠴᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "liyangčang siyan" # Liangcheng County
test "ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "čaqar baraγun γarun emünedü qosiγu" # Цахар баруун гарын өмнөд хошуу
test "ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "čaqar baraγun γarun dumdadu qosiγu" # Цахар баруун гарын дундад хошуу
test "ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "čaqar baraγun γarun qoyitu qosiγu" # Цахар баруун гарын хойд хошуу
test "ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "dörbed qosiγu" # Дөрвөд хошуу
test "ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "buγutu qota" # Бугaт хот
test "ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "köndelen toγoriγ" # Hondlon District
test "ᠴᠢᠩᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "čingšan toγoriγ" # Qingshan District
test "ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "siγuyitu toγoriγ" # Шигуай тойрог
test "ᠵᠢᠦ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "ǰiü yuvan toγoriγ" # Jiuyuan District
test "ᠭᠦᠶᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "güyang siyan" # Guyang County
test "ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "tümed ǰegün qosiγu" # Түмэд Зүүн хошуу
test "ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "tümed baraγun qosiγu" # Түмэд Баруун хошуу
test "ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "darqan muumingγ᠋an qolboγatu qosiγu" # Darhan Muminggan United Banner
test "ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "kesiγten qosiγu" # Hexigten Banner
test "ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "sin-e barγu ǰegün qosiγu" # New Barag Left Banner
test "ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "sin-e barγu baraγun qosiγu" # New Barag Right Banner
test "ᠣᠲᠣᠭ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "otoγ qosiγu" # Otog Banner
test "ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "dalad qosiγu" # Dalad Banner
test "ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "ǰegünγar qosiγu" # Jungar Banner
test "ᠣᠲᠣᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "otoγ-un emünedü qosiγu" # Otog Front Banner
test "ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "qanggin qosiγu" # Hanggin Banner
test "ᠦᠦᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "üüsin qosiγu" # Uxin Banner
test "ᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "eǰin qoroγ-a qosiγu" # Эзэн Хороо хошуу
test "ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠢ᠌ᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ǰalan ai᠌l qota" # Жалан-Айл хот
test "ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "yaγsi qota" # Ягши хот
test "ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "manǰuur qota" # Манжуур хот
test "ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "qayilar toγoriγ" # Хайлаар тойрог
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "qorčin toγoriγ" # Horqin District
test "ᠺᠠᠶᠢᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "kayilü siyan" # Kailu County
test "ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "küriy-e qosiγu" # Hure Banner
test "ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "naiman qosiγu" # Naiman Banner
test "ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "ǰarud qosiγu" # Jarud Banner
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "qorčin baraγun γarun dumdadu qosiγu" # Хорчин Баруун Гарын Дундад Хошуу
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "qorčin ǰegün γarun dumdadu qosiγu" # Horqin Left Middle Banner
test "ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "qorčin ǰegün γarun qoyitu qosiγu" # Horqin Left Rear Banner
test "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "ulaγanqada qota" # Улаанхад хот
test "ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ", "sereči" # Salaqi
test "ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ", "gegen γoul qota" # Гэгээнгол хот
test "ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "alaša ǰegün qosiγu" # Alxa Left Banner
test "ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "alaša baraγun qosiγu" # Alxa Right Banner # Alaša Baraγun qosiγu
test "ᠡᠵᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "eǰen-e qosiγu" # Ejin Banner
test "ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "köbegetü sir-a qosiγu" # Хөвөөт Шар хошуу
test "ᠦᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "üyuvan siyan" # Үюань шянь
test "ᠦᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "üčuvan siyan" # Wuchuan County
test "ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "tüčiuvan siyan" # Тучуань шянь
test "ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "linsi siyan" # Linxi County
test "ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "qaračin qosiγu" # Harqin Banner
test "ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "auqan qosiγu" # Aohan Banner
test "ᠬᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "qodong arad-un toγoriγ" # Huimin District
test "ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "sayiqan toγoriγ" # Saihan District
test "ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "sin-e qota toγoriγ" # Xincheng District
test "ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠣᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "qayirub-un toqoi toγoriγ" # Haibowan (Hairibin Tohoi) District
test "ᠰᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "süng šan toγoriγ" # Songshan District
test "ᠬᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "küng šan toγoriγ" # Hongshan District
test "ᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "arun qosiγu" # Арун хошуу
test "ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ", "yuvan boo šan toγoriγ" # Юаньбаошань тойрог
test "ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "siluγun köbegetü čaγan qosiγu" # Шулуун Хөвөөт Цагаан хошуу
test "ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "siluγun köke qosiγu" # Шулуун хөх хошуу
test "ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "urad-un dumdadu qosiγu" # Урадын Дундад Хошуу
test "ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "urad-un emünedü qosiγu" # Урадын Өмнөд Хошуу
test "ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ", "toγtaqu siyan" # Тогтох шянь
test "ᠰᠥᠨᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "söned ǰegün qosiγu" # Sonid Left Banner
test "ᠰᠥᠨᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "söned baraγun qosiγu" # Sonid Right Banner
test "ᠣᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "ongniγud qosiγu" # Ongniud Banner
test "ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "ǰalaid qosiγu" # Jalaid Banner
test "ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "qanggin qoyitu qosiγu" # Hanggin Rear Banner
test "ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠵᠤᠮᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "ǰegün uǰumučin qosiγu" # East Ujimqin Banner
test "ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "aru qorčin qosiγu" # Ar Horqin Banner
test "ᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ", "abaγ-a qosiγu" # Abag Banner
test "ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ", "buriyad" # Буриад
test "ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ", "ulaγanbaγatur" # Улаанбаатар
test "ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ", "činggis qaγan" # Чингис Хаан

}

stage {

# RULES
sub "\u182c", "k", after: any("\u1821\u1822\u1825\u1826")
sub "\u182d", "g", after: any("\u1821\u1822\u1825\u1826")

# CHARACTERS
parallel {
  sub "ᠠ", "a" # \u1820
  sub "ᠡ", "e" # \u1821
  sub "ᠢ", "i" # \u1822
  sub "ᠣ", "o" # \u1823
  sub "ᠤ", "u" # \u1824
  sub "ᠥ", "ö" # \u1825
  sub "ᠦ", "ü" # \u1826
  sub "ᠨ", "n" # \u1828
  sub "ᠩ", "ng" # \u1829
  sub "ᠬ", "q" # \u182c
  sub "ᠭ", "γ" # \u182d
  sub "ᠪ", "b" # \u182a
  sub "ᠫ", "p" # \u182b
  sub "ᠹ", "f" # \u1839
  sub "ᠰ", "s" # \u1830
  sub "ᠱ", "š" # \u1831
  sub "ᠲ", "t" # \u1832
  sub "ᠳ", "d" # \u1833
  sub "ᠯ", "l" # \u182f
  sub "ᠮ", "m" # \u182e
  sub "ᠴ", "č" # \u1834
  sub "ᠵ", "ǰ" # \u1835
  sub "ᠶ", "y" # \u1836
  sub "ᠺ", "k" # \u183a
  sub "ᠷ", "r" # \u1837
  sub "ᠸ", "v" # \u1838
  sub "ᠾ", "h" # \u183e
  sub "᠁", "..." # \u1801
  sub "᠂", "," # \u1802
  sub "᠃", "." # \u1803
  sub "᠄", ":" # \u1804
  sub "᠎", "-" # MVS
  sub " ", "-" # NNBSP
}

}