metadata {
authority_id: bgnpcgn id: 2008 language: bal source_script: Arab destination_script: Latn name: ROMANIZATION OF BALUCHI -- BGN/PCGN 2008 System url: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/693687/ROMANIZATION_OF_BALUCHI.pdf creation_date: 2008 confirmation_date: 2017-11 description: | The following is the BGN/PCGN-approved romanization system for deriving standard spellings of Baluchi geographic names. The romanization system is based on the Hunterian system of romanization, which has been used by the Surveys of India and Pakistan for romanizing Baluchi geographic names for more than one hundred years. The romanization system is compatible with all dialects of Baluchi, including Eastern Baluchi, Western Baluchi, and Southern Baluchi. The BGN/PCGN system laid out below includes diacritical marks in order that the original script can be derived from the romanized form (i.e. it is reversible). For desk users requiring a diacritic-free form, these diacritics can simply be removed. In almost every case the same basic Roman-script characters are kept as are used in the Hunterian system. The BGN/PCGN forms have further been designed to harmonize with the BGN/PCGN Urdu romanization system. In rigorous romanization (i.e. including diacritics), retroflexion is marked by a sub-dot, and aspiration is marked by an apostrophe, where confusion with fricative digraphs could arise. For letters used only in Arabic loan words, the rigorous forms have further been designed to harmonize with the BGN/PCGN Persian romanization system. notes: - Occasionally, sequences of /z/ or /s/ plus /h/ may be encountered, i.e. z·h, s·h. These may be romanized with the Unicode 'center dot' (U+00B7) separating the two letters, to distinguish them from the digraphs /zh/ and /sh/. - The character ة is found very rarely in Baluchi, principally in certain Arabic religious terms, e.g. zakāt ('alms'). It should be romanized t. - When the letters ال are found, representing the Arabic definite article, the ل is assimilated to a following 'sun letter' ,د ,ث ,ت ل ,ظ ,ط , ض , ,ص ,ش ,س , ,ر ,ذ or ن and is romanized t, , d, , r, z, s, sh, ş, ẕ ţ z , l, n accordingly. - In romanization, the suffixes ءَ (-ā, singular definite) and ءِ (-ay, possessive) are connected to the previous word by a hyphen, though they are usually written separately. - The word for 'and', written as و or ءُ, should be romanized as –u-, linked by hyphens to the two words it connects; e.g., ہ ٹد و س ٹد → Sind-u-Hind ('The Gangetic Plain'). - Except as specified in notes 4 and 5, word division in romanization should follow word division in the Baluchi script. - Note that the short vowels in the Baluchi examples are not pointed. - Certain initial, medial and final characters are not readily available in a Unicode-encoded font in a standalone form. - The Romanization columns show only lowercase forms but, when romanizing, uppercase and lowercase Roman letters as appropriate should be used.
}
tests {
# commented tests are blocked by https://github.com/interscript/interscript/issues/620 # 'cultivable patch of riverbed' test "بےنٹَگ", "Benṭag" # 'Japan' test "جاپان", "Jāpān" test "اَرَبِستان", "Arabistān" test "بُنجاه", "Bunjāh" test "بَلوچِستان", "Balochistān" # 'village' test "حَلق", "Ḩalq" # 'foothills or skirts of a mountain' test "دامان", "Dāmān" test "ڈاڈَر", "Ḍāḍar" # 'tomb' test "گُمبُذ", "Gumbud͟h" # 'crossroads' test "چار راہ", "Chār Rāh" # 'market' test "بازار", "Bāzār" test "سےبِى", "Sebī" # - source: اِيشيا # expected: Eshyā # # 'homeland' # - source: وَطَن # expected: Waţan # 'Bandar Abbas' test "عَبّاس", "‘Abbās" # 'Taiwan' test "فارموسا", "Fārmosā" test "ڈاک", "Ḍāk" # 'stream, irrigated area, pasture' test "مَلّ", "Mall" # - source: ہ یرات # expected: Herāt # 'Philippines' test "فِلپائِن", "Filpā’in" test "مُرگاپ", "Murgāp" # - source: مَرو # expected: Marw
}
stage {
# CHARACTERS parallel { # consonant characters sub "\u0628", "b" # ب sub "\u067E", "p" # پ sub "\u062a", "t" # ت sub "\u0679", "ṭ" # see note 8 ٹ sub "\u067C", "ṭ" # see note 8 ټ sub "\u062B", "t͟h" # see note 8 ث sub "\u067F", "t͟h" # see note 8 ٿ sub "\u062c", "j" # ج sub "\u0686", "ch" # چ sub "\u062d", "ḩ" # ح sub "\u062e", "kh" # خ sub "\u062f", "d" # د sub "\u0688", "ḍ" # ڈ sub "\u0689", "ḍ" # ډ sub "\u0630", "d͟h" # ذ sub "\u0631", "r" # ر sub "\u0691", "ṛ" # see note 8 ڑ sub "\u0693", "ṛ" # see note 8 ړ sub "\u0632", "z" # ز sub "\u0698", "zh" # ژ sub "\u0633", "s" # س sub "\u0634", "sh" # ش sub "\u0635", "ş" # ص sub "\u0636", "ẕ" # ض sub "\u0637", "ţ" # ط sub "\u0638", "z̧" # ظ sub "\u0639", "‘" # ع sub "\u063a", "gh" # غ sub "\u0641", "f" # ف sub "\u0642", "q" # ق sub "\u0643", "k" # ك sub "\u06A9", "k" # ک sub "\u06AF", "g" # گ sub "\u0644", "l" # ل sub "\u0645", "m" # م sub "\u0646", "n" # ن sub "\u06BA", "ñ" # ں sub "\u0648", "o" # و sub "\u0648", "w" # و sub "\u0647", "h" # ه sub "\u06C1", "h" sub "\u06BE", "h" sub "\u0621", "’" # ء sub "\u0626", "’" # ئ sub "\u0649", "y" # ي sub "\u064A", "y" # ي # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi sub "\u0628\u06BE", "bh" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi sub "\u067E\u06BE", "ph" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi. # Apostrophe distinguishes from fricative /th/. sub "\u062A\u06BE", "th’" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi sub "\u0679\u06BE", "ṭh" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi sub "\u062C\u06BE", "jh" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi sub "\u0686\u06BE", "chh" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi. # Apostrophe distinguishes from fricative /dh/ sub "\u062D\u06BE", "dh’" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi sub "\u0688\u06BE", "ḍh" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi sub "\u0631\u06BE", "\u1E5B\u0068" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi. # Apostrophe distinguishes from fricative /kh/ sub "\u06A9\u06BE", "kh’" # Aspiration is only contrastive in Eastern Baluchi. # Apostrophe distinguishes from fricative /gh/ sub "\u06AF\u06BE", "gh’" # sub "\u0644\u0627", "lā" # sub "\u06A9\u0627", "kā" # sub "\u06AF\u0627", "gā" # sub "\u06A9\u0644", "kl" # sub "\u06AF\u0644", "gl" # # Vowels, Diphthongs, and Diacritical Marks sub "\u0650\u0649", "ī" # ـِي sub "\u0650", "i" # ِ sub "\u06D2", "e" # ـے sub boundary + "\u0627", "" # ا sub "\u0627", "ā" # ا sub "\u0622", "ā" # آ sub "\u064E", "a" # َ sub "\u064F", "u" # ُ sub "\u064F\u0648", "ū" # ـُو sub "\u064E\u06D2", "ay" # ـَي sub "\u064E\u0648", "aw" # ـَو sub "\u0652", "" # Not Romanized sub "\u0670", "á" # sub "\u0628\u0651", "bb" # ب sub "\u067E\u0651", "pp" # پ sub "\u062a\u0651", "tt" # ت sub "\u0679\u0651", "ṭṭ" # see note 8 ٹ sub "\u067C\u0651", "ṭṭ" # see note 8 ټ sub "\u062B\u0651", "t͟ht͟h" # see note 8 ث sub "\u067F\u0651", "t͟ht͟h" # see note 8 ٿ sub "\u062c\u0651", "jj" # ج sub "\u0686\u0651", "chch" # چ sub "\u062d\u0651", "ḩḩ" # ح sub "\u062e\u0651", "khkh" # خ sub "\u062f\u0651", "dd" # د sub "\u0688\u0651", "ḍḍ" # ڈ sub "\u0689\u0651", "ḍḍ" # ډ sub "\u0630\u0651", "d͟hd͟h" # ذ sub "\u0631\u0651", "rr" # ر sub "\u0691\u0651", "ṛṛ" # see note 8 ڑ sub "\u0693\u0651", "ṛṛ" # see note 8 ړ sub "\u0632\u0651", "zz" # ز sub "\u0698\u0651", "zhzh" # ژ sub "\u0633\u0651", "ss" # س sub "\u0634\u0651", "shsh" # ش sub "\u0635\u0651", "şş" # ص sub "\u0636\u0651", "ẕẕ" # ض sub "\u0637\u0651", "ţţ" # ط sub "\u0638\u0651", "z̧z̧" # ظ sub "\u0639\u0651", "‘‘" # ع sub "\u063a\u0651", "ghgh" # غ sub "\u0641\u0651", "ff" # ف sub "\u0642\u0651", "qq" # ق sub "\u0643\u0651", "kk" # ك sub "\u06A9\u0651", "kk" # ک sub "\u06AF\u0651", "gg" # گ sub "\u0644\u0651", "ll" # ل sub "\u0645\u0651", "mm" # م sub "\u0646\u0651", "nn" # ن sub "\u06BA\u0651", "ññ" # ں sub "\u0648\u0651", "ww" # و sub "\u0647\u0651", "hh" # ه sub "\u06C1\u0651", "hh" sub "\u06BE\u0651", "hh" sub "\u0621\u0651", "’’" # ء sub "\u0626\u0651", "’’" # ئ sub "\u0649\u0651", "yy" # ي sub "\u0621\u064E", "-ā" # see note 4 sub "\u0621\u0650", "-ay" # see note 4 # Numerals sub "۰", "0" sub "۱", "1" sub "۲", "2" sub "۳", "3" sub "۴", "4" sub "۵", "5" sub "۶", "6" sub "۷", "7" sub "۸", "8" sub "۹", "9" # Although Perso-Arabic script is written from right to # left, numerical expressions, e.g. ۸۶۹۱ → 1968, are # written from left to right. A comma is inserted into # longer sequences, either after thousands, millions, etc. } # POSTRULES sub any("\u0061".."\uFFFF"), upcase, before: boundary, not_before: boundary + any("‘’'")
}