module StateMachines::Integrations::Mongoid

Adds support for integrating state machines with Mongoid models.

Examples

Below is an example of a simple state machine defined within a Mongoid model:

class Vehicle
  include Mongoid::Document

  state_machine :initial => :parked do
    event :ignite do
      transition :parked => :idling
    end
  end
end

The examples in the sections below will use the above class as a reference.

Actions

By default, the action that will be invoked when a state is transitioned is the save action. This will cause the record to save the changes made to the state machine's attribute. Note that if any other changes were made to the record prior to transition, then those changes will be saved as well.

For example,

vehicle = Vehicle.create          # => #<Vehicle _id: 4d70e028b876bb54d9000003, name: nil, state: "parked">
vehicle.name = 'Ford Explorer'
vehicle.ignite                    # => true
vehicle.reload                    # => #<Vehicle _id: 4d70e028b876bb54d9000003, name: "Ford Explorer", state: "idling">

Events

As described in StateMachines::InstanceMethods#state_machine, event attributes are created for every machine that allow transitions to be performed automatically when the object's action (in this case, :save) is called.

In Mongoid, these automated events are run in the following order:

For example,

vehicle = Vehicle.create          # => #<Vehicle _id: 4d70e028b876bb54d9000003, name: nil, state: "parked">
vehicle.state_event               # => nil
vehicle.state_event = 'invalid'
vehicle.valid?                    # => false
vehicle.errors.full_messages      # => ["State event is invalid"]

vehicle.state_event = 'ignite'
vehicle.valid?                    # => true
vehicle.save                      # => true
vehicle.state                     # => "idling"
vehicle.state_event               # => nil

Note that this can also be done on a mass-assignment basis:

vehicle = Vehicle.create(:state_event => 'ignite')  # => #<Vehicle _id: 4d70e028b876bb54d9000003, name: nil, state: "idling">
vehicle.state                                       # => "idling"

This technique is always used for transitioning states when the save action (which is the default) is configured for the machine.

Security implications

Beware that public event attributes mean that events can be fired whenever mass-assignment is being used. If you want to prevent malicious users from tampering with events through URLs / forms, the attribute should be protected like so:

class Vehicle
  include Mongoid::Document

  attr_protected :state_event
  # attr_accessible ... # Alternative technique

  state_machine do
    ...
  end
end

If you want to only have some events be able to fire via mass-assignment, you can build two state machines (one public and one protected) like so:

class Vehicle
  include Mongoid::Document

  attr_protected :state_event # Prevent access to events in the first machine

  state_machine do
    # Define private events here
  end

  # Public machine targets the same state as the private machine
  state_machine :public_state, :attribute => :state do
    # Define public events here
  end
end

Validations

As mentioned in StateMachines::Machine#state, you can define behaviors, like validations, that only execute for certain states. One important caveat here is that, due to a constraint in Mongoid's validation framework, custom validators will not work as expected when defined to run in multiple states. For example:

class Vehicle
  include Mongoid::Document

  state_machine do
    ...
    state :first_gear, :second_gear do
      validate :speed_is_legal
    end
  end
end

In this case, the :speed_is_legal validation will only get run for the :second_gear state. To avoid this, you can define your custom validation like so:

class Vehicle
  include Mongoid::Document

  state_machine do
    ...
    state :first_gear, :second_gear do
      validate {|vehicle| vehicle.speed_is_legal}
    end
  end
end

Validation errors

If an event fails to successfully fire because there are no matching transitions for the current record, a validation error is added to the record's state attribute to help in determining why it failed and for reporting via the UI.

For example,

vehicle = Vehicle.create(:state => 'idling')  # => #<Vehicle _id: 4d70e028b876bb54d9000003, name: nil, state: "idling">
vehicle.ignite                                # => false
vehicle.errors.full_messages                  # => ["State cannot transition via \"ignite\""]

If an event fails to fire because of a validation error on the record and not because a matching transition was not available, no error messages will be added to the state attribute.

In addition, if you're using the ignite! version of the event, then the failure reason (such as the current validation errors) will be included in the exception that gets raised when the event fails. For example, assuming there's a validation on a field called name on the class:

vehicle = Vehicle.new
vehicle.ignite!       # => StateMachines::InvalidTransition: Cannot transition state via :ignite from :parked (Reason(s): Name cannot be blank)

Scopes

To assist in filtering models with specific states, a series of basic scopes are defined on the model for finding records with or without a particular set of states.

These scopes are essentially the functional equivalent of the following definitions:

class Vehicle
  include Mongoid::Document

  scope :with_states, lambda {|*states| where(:state => {'$in' => states})}
  # with_states also aliased to with_state

  scope :without_states, lambda {|*states| where(:state => {'$nin' => states})}
  # without_states also aliased to without_state
end

Note, however, that the states are converted to their stored values before being passed into the query.

Because of the way named scopes work in Mongoid, they cannot be chained.

Note that states can also be referenced by the string version of their name:

Vehicle.with_state('parked')

Callbacks

All before/after transition callbacks defined for Mongoid models behave in the same way that other Mongoid callbacks behave. The object involved in the transition is passed in as an argument.

For example,

class Vehicle
  include Mongoid::Document

  state_machine :initial => :parked do
    before_transition any => :idling do |vehicle|
      vehicle.put_on_seatbelt
    end

    before_transition do |vehicle, transition|
      # log message
    end

    event :ignite do
      transition :parked => :idling
    end
  end

  def put_on_seatbelt
    ...
  end
end

Note, also, that the transition can be accessed by simply defining additional arguments in the callback block.

Observers

Have been removed in Rails 4 and therefore are no longer supported.

Internationalization

Any error message that is generated from performing invalid transitions can be localized. The following default translations are used:

en:
  mongoid:
    errors:
      messages:
        invalid: "is invalid"
        # %{value} = attribute value, %{state} = Human state name
        invalid_event: "cannot transition when %{state}"
        # %{value} = attribute value, %{event} = Human event name, %{state} = Human current state name
        invalid_transition: "cannot transition via %{event}"

You can override these for a specific model like so:

en:
  mongoid:
    errors:
      models:
        user:
          invalid: "is not valid"

In addition to the above, you can also provide translations for the various states / events in each state machine. Using the Vehicle example, state translations will be looked for using the following keys, where model_name = “vehicle”, machine_name = “state” and state_name = “parked”:

Event translations will be looked for using the following keys, where model_name = “vehicle”, machine_name = “state” and event_name = “ignite”:

An example translation configuration might look like so:

es:
  mongoid:
    state_machines:
      states:
        parked: 'estacionado'
      events:
        park: 'estacionarse'

Constants

VERSION

Public Class Methods

locale_path() click to toggle source
# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 300
def self.locale_path
  "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/mongoid/locale.rb"
end
matching_ancestors() click to toggle source

Classes that include Mongoid::Document will automatically use the Mongoid integration.

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 296
def self.matching_ancestors
  [::Mongoid::Document]
end

Protected Instance Methods

around_save(object) { || ... } click to toggle source

Runs state events around the machine's :save action

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 377
def around_save(object)
  object.class.state_machines.transitions(object, action).perform { yield }
end
attribute_field() click to toggle source

Gets the field for this machine's attribute (if it exists)

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 317
def attribute_field
  owner_class.fields[attribute.to_s] || owner_class.fields[owner_class.aliased_fields[attribute.to_s]]
end
create_with_scope(name) click to toggle source

Creates a scope for finding records with a particular state or states for the attribute

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 383
def create_with_scope(name)
  define_scope(name, lambda { |values| { attribute => { '$in' => values } } })
end
create_without_scope(name) click to toggle source

Creates a scope for finding records without a particular state or states for the attribute

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 389
def create_without_scope(name)
  define_scope(name, lambda { |values| { attribute => { '$nin' => values } } })
end
define_action_hook() click to toggle source

Uses around callbacks to run state events if using the :save hook

Calls superclass method
# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 351
      def define_action_hook
        if action_hook == :save
          define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
              def insert(*)
                self.class.state_machine(#{name.inspect}).send(:around_save, self) { super.persisted? }
                self
              end

              def update(*)
                self.class.state_machine(#{name.inspect}).send(:around_save, self) { super }
              end

              def update_document(*)
                self.class.state_machine(#{name.inspect}).send(:around_save, self) { super }
              end

              def upsert(*)
                self.class.state_machine(#{name.inspect}).send(:around_save, self) { super }
              end
          end_eval
        else
          super
        end
      end
define_scope(_name, scope) click to toggle source

Defines a new scope with the given name

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 394
def define_scope(_name, scope)
  lambda { |model, values| model.criteria.where(scope.call(values)) }
end
define_state_accessor() click to toggle source

Skips defining reader/writer methods since this is done automatically

Calls superclass method
# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 345
def define_state_accessor
  owner_class.field(attribute, type: String) unless attribute_field
  super
end
define_state_initializer() click to toggle source

Defines an initialization hook into the owner class for setting the initial state of the machine before any attributes are set on the object

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 324
      def define_state_initializer
        define_helper :instance, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
            def initialize(*)
              super do |*args|
                self.class.state_machines.initialize_states(self, :static => false)
                yield(*args) if block_given?
              end
            end

            def apply_pre_processed_defaults
              defaults = {}
              self.class.state_machines.initialize_states(self, :static => :force, :dynamic => false, :to => defaults)
              defaults.each do |attr, value|
                send(:"\#{attr}=", value) unless attributes.include?(attr)
              end
              super
            end
        end_eval
      end
locale_path() click to toggle source
# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 398
def locale_path
  "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/mongoid/locale.rb"
end
owner_class_attribute_default() click to toggle source

Gets the db default for the machine's attribute

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 312
def owner_class_attribute_default
  attribute_field && attribute_field.default_val
end
runs_validations_on_action?() click to toggle source

Only runs validations on the action if using :save

# File lib/state_machines/integrations/mongoid.rb, line 307
def runs_validations_on_action?
  action == :save
end