Class Sequel::Database
In: lib/sequel/database/transactions.rb
lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb
lib/sequel/database/query.rb
lib/sequel/database/misc.rb
lib/sequel/database/logging.rb
lib/sequel/database/features.rb
lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb
lib/sequel/database/dataset.rb
lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb
lib/sequel/database.rb
lib/sequel/adapters/swift.rb
lib/sequel/adapters/sqlite.rb
lib/sequel/adapters/sqlanywhere.rb
lib/sequel/adapters/mysql.rb
Parent: Object

Database class for MySQL databases used with Sequel.

Methods

<<   []   adapter_class   adapter_scheme   adapter_scheme   add_column   add_index   add_servers   after_commit   after_initialize   after_rollback   alter_table   alter_table_generator   call   cast_type_literal   connect   connect   connect   connect   connect   convert_invalid_date_time=   convert_tinyint_to_bool=   create_join_table   create_join_table!   create_join_table?   create_or_replace_view   create_table   create_table!   create_table?   create_table_generator   create_view   database_type   dataset   dataset_class=   disconnect   disconnect_connection   disconnect_connection   disconnect_connection   disconnect_connection   drop_column   drop_index   drop_join_table   drop_table   drop_table?   drop_view   each_server   execute   execute   execute   execute_ddl   execute_ddl   execute_dui   execute_dui   execute_dui   execute_dui   execute_dui   execute_insert   execute_insert   execute_insert   execute_insert   execute_insert   extend_datasets   extension   extension   fetch   from   from_application_timestamp   get   global_index_namespace?   identifier_input_method=   identifier_input_method=   identifier_output_method=   identifier_output_method=   in_transaction?   inspect   literal   literal_symbol   literal_symbol_set   load_adapter   log_exception   log_info   log_yield   logger=   new   prepared_statement   quote_identifier   quote_identifiers=   quote_identifiers?   register_extension   remove_servers   rename_column   rename_table   run   run_after_initialize   schema   schema_type_class   select   serial_primary_key_options   server_version   servers   set_column_default   set_column_type   set_prepared_statement   sharded?   single_threaded?   supports_create_table_if_not_exists?   supports_deferrable_constraints?   supports_deferrable_foreign_key_constraints?   supports_drop_table_if_exists?   supports_foreign_key_parsing?   supports_index_parsing?   supports_partial_indexes?   supports_prepared_transactions?   supports_savepoints?   supports_savepoints_in_prepared_transactions?   supports_schema_parsing?   supports_table_listing?   supports_transaction_isolation_levels?   supports_transactional_ddl?   supports_view_listing?   supports_views_with_check_option?   supports_views_with_local_check_option?   synchronize   synchronize   table_exists?   test_connection   timezone   to_application_timestamp   to_application_timestamp   transaction   typecast_value   uri   url   valid_connection?  

Included Modules

8 - Methods related to database transactions

Database transactions make multiple queries atomic, so that either all of the queries take effect or none of them do.

Constants

SQL_BEGIN = 'BEGIN'.freeze
SQL_COMMIT = 'COMMIT'.freeze
SQL_RELEASE_SAVEPOINT = 'RELEASE SAVEPOINT autopoint_%d'.freeze
SQL_ROLLBACK = 'ROLLBACK'.freeze
SQL_ROLLBACK_TO_SAVEPOINT = 'ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT autopoint_%d'.freeze
SQL_SAVEPOINT = 'SAVEPOINT autopoint_%d'.freeze
TRANSACTION_BEGIN = 'Transaction.begin'.freeze
TRANSACTION_COMMIT = 'Transaction.commit'.freeze
TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK = 'Transaction.rollback'.freeze
TRANSACTION_ISOLATION_LEVELS = {:uncommitted=>'READ UNCOMMITTED'.freeze, :committed=>'READ COMMITTED'.freeze, :repeatable=>'REPEATABLE READ'.freeze, :serializable=>'SERIALIZABLE'.freeze}

Attributes

transaction_isolation_level  [RW]  The default transaction isolation level for this database, used for all future transactions. For MSSQL, this should be set to something if you ever plan to use the :isolation option to Database#transaction, as on MSSQL if affects all future transactions on the same connection.

Public Instance methods

Starts a database transaction. When a database transaction is used, either all statements are successful or none of the statements are successful. Note that MySQL MyISAM tables do not support transactions.

The following general options are respected:

:auto_savepoint :Automatically use a savepoint for Database#transaction calls inside this transaction block.
:isolation :The transaction isolation level to use for this transaction, should be :uncommitted, :committed, :repeatable, or :serializable, used if given and the database/adapter supports customizable transaction isolation levels.
:num_retries :The number of times to retry if the :retry_on option is used. The default is 5 times. Can be set to nil to retry indefinitely, but that is not recommended.
:before_retry :Proc to execute before rertrying if the :retry_on option is used. Called with two arguments: the number of retry attempts (counting the current one) and the error the last attempt failed with.
:prepare :A string to use as the transaction identifier for a prepared transaction (two-phase commit), if the database/adapter supports prepared transactions.
:retry_on :An exception class or array of exception classes for which to automatically retry the transaction. Can only be set if not inside an existing transaction. Note that this should not be used unless the entire transaction block is idempotent, as otherwise it can cause non-idempotent behavior to execute multiple times.
:rollback :Can the set to :reraise to reraise any Sequel::Rollback exceptions raised, or :always to always rollback even if no exceptions occur (useful for testing).
:server :The server to use for the transaction. Set to :default, :read_only, or whatever symbol you used in the connect string when naming your servers.
:savepoint :Whether to create a new savepoint for this transaction, only respected if the database/adapter supports savepoints. By default Sequel will reuse an existing transaction, so if you want to use a savepoint you must use this option. If the surrounding transaction uses :auto_savepoint, you can set this to false to not use a savepoint.

PostgreSQL specific options:

:deferrable :(9.1+) If present, set to DEFERRABLE if true or NOT DEFERRABLE if false.
:read_only :If present, set to READ ONLY if true or READ WRITE if false.
:synchronous :if non-nil, set synchronous_commit appropriately. Valid values true, :on, false, :off, :local (9.1+), and :remote_write (9.2+).

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/transactions.rb, line 78
 78:     def transaction(opts=OPTS, &block)
 79:       if retry_on = opts[:retry_on]
 80:         tot_retries = opts.fetch(:num_retries, 5)
 81:         num_retries = 0 unless tot_retries.nil?
 82:         begin
 83:           transaction(opts.merge(:retry_on=>nil, :retrying=>true), &block)
 84:         rescue *retry_on => e
 85:           if num_retries
 86:             num_retries += 1
 87:             if num_retries <= tot_retries
 88:               opts[:before_retry].call(num_retries, e) if opts[:before_retry]
 89:               retry
 90:             end
 91:           else
 92:             retry
 93:           end
 94:           raise
 95:         end
 96:       else
 97:         synchronize(opts[:server]) do |conn|
 98:           if already_in_transaction?(conn, opts)
 99:             if opts[:retrying]
100:               raise Sequel::Error, "cannot set :retry_on options if you are already inside a transaction"
101:             end
102:             if opts[:savepoint] != false && (stack = _trans(conn)[:savepoints]) && stack.last
103:               _transaction(conn, opts.merge(:savepoint=>true), &block)
104:             else
105:               return yield(conn)
106:             end
107:           else
108:             _transaction(conn, opts, &block)
109:           end
110:         end
111:       end
112:     end

2 - Methods that modify the database schema

These methods execute code on the database that modifies the database‘s schema.

Constants

AUTOINCREMENT = 'AUTOINCREMENT'.freeze
COMMA_SEPARATOR = ', '.freeze
NOT_NULL = ' NOT NULL'.freeze
NULL = ' NULL'.freeze
PRIMARY_KEY = ' PRIMARY KEY'.freeze
TEMPORARY = 'TEMPORARY '.freeze
UNDERSCORE = '_'.freeze
UNIQUE = ' UNIQUE'.freeze
UNSIGNED = ' UNSIGNED'.freeze
COLUMN_DEFINITION_ORDER = [:collate, :default, :null, :unique, :primary_key, :auto_increment, :references]   The order of column modifiers to use when defining a column.
DEFAULT_JOIN_TABLE_COLUMN_OPTIONS = {:null=>false}   The default options for join table columns.
COMBINABLE_ALTER_TABLE_OPS = [:add_column, :drop_column, :rename_column, :set_column_type, :set_column_default, :set_column_null, :add_constraint, :drop_constraint]   The alter table operations that are combinable.

Public Instance methods

Adds a column to the specified table. This method expects a column name, a datatype and optionally a hash with additional constraints and options:

  DB.add_column :items, :name, :text, :unique => true, :null => false
  DB.add_column :items, :category, :text, :default => 'ruby'

See alter_table.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 36
36:     def add_column(table, *args)
37:       alter_table(table) {add_column(*args)}
38:     end

Adds an index to a table for the given columns:

  DB.add_index :posts, :title
  DB.add_index :posts, [:author, :title], :unique => true

Options:

:ignore_errors :Ignore any DatabaseErrors that are raised
:name :Name to use for index instead of default

See alter_table.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 50
50:     def add_index(table, columns, options=OPTS)
51:       e = options[:ignore_errors]
52:       begin
53:         alter_table(table){add_index(columns, options)}
54:       rescue DatabaseError
55:         raise unless e
56:       end
57:     end

Alters the given table with the specified block. Example:

  DB.alter_table :items do
    add_column :category, :text, :default => 'ruby'
    drop_column :category
    rename_column :cntr, :counter
    set_column_type :value, :float
    set_column_default :value, :float
    add_index [:group, :category]
    drop_index [:group, :category]
  end

Note that add_column accepts all the options available for column definitions using create_table, and add_index accepts all the options available for index definition.

See Schema::AlterTableGenerator and the "Migrations and Schema Modification" guide.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 76
76:     def alter_table(name, generator=nil, &block)
77:       generator ||= alter_table_generator(&block)
78:       remove_cached_schema(name)
79:       apply_alter_table_generator(name, generator)
80:       nil
81:     end

Return a new Schema::AlterTableGenerator instance with the receiver as the database and the given block.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 85
85:     def alter_table_generator(&block)
86:       alter_table_generator_class.new(self, &block)
87:     end

Create a join table using a hash of foreign keys to referenced table names. Example:

  create_join_table(:cat_id=>:cats, :dog_id=>:dogs)
  # CREATE TABLE cats_dogs (
  #  cat_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES cats,
  #  dog_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES dogs,
  #  PRIMARY KEY (cat_id, dog_id)
  # )
  # CREATE INDEX cats_dogs_dog_id_cat_id_index ON cats_dogs(dog_id, cat_id)

The primary key and index are used so that almost all operations on the table can benefit from one of the two indexes, and the primary key ensures that entries in the table are unique, which is the typical desire for a join table.

You can provide column options by making the values in the hash be option hashes, so long as the option hashes have a :table entry giving the table referenced:

  create_join_table(:cat_id=>{:table=>:cats, :type=>Bignum}, :dog_id=>:dogs)

You can provide a second argument which is a table options hash:

  create_join_table({:cat_id=>:cats, :dog_id=>:dogs}, :temp=>true)

Some table options are handled specially:

:index_options :The options to pass to the index
:name :The name of the table to create
:no_index :Set to true not to create the second index.
:no_primary_key :Set to true to not create the primary key.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 121
121:     def create_join_table(hash, options=OPTS)
122:       keys = hash.keys.sort_by{|k| k.to_s}
123:       create_table(join_table_name(hash, options), options) do
124:         keys.each do |key|
125:           v = hash[key]
126:           unless v.is_a?(Hash)
127:             v = {:table=>v}
128:           end
129:           v = DEFAULT_JOIN_TABLE_COLUMN_OPTIONS.merge(v)
130:           foreign_key(key, v)
131:         end
132:         primary_key(keys) unless options[:no_primary_key]
133:         index(keys.reverse, options[:index_options] || {}) unless options[:no_index]
134:       end
135:     end

Forcibly create a join table, attempting to drop it if it already exists, then creating it.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 138
138:     def create_join_table!(hash, options=OPTS)
139:       drop_table?(join_table_name(hash, options))
140:       create_join_table(hash, options)
141:     end

Creates the join table unless it already exists.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 144
144:     def create_join_table?(hash, options=OPTS)
145:       if supports_create_table_if_not_exists? && options[:no_index]
146:         create_join_table(hash, options.merge(:if_not_exists=>true))
147:       elsif !table_exists?(join_table_name(hash, options))
148:         create_join_table(hash, options)
149:       end
150:     end

Creates a view, replacing a view with the same name if one already exists.

  DB.create_or_replace_view(:some_items, "SELECT * FROM items WHERE price < 100")
  DB.create_or_replace_view(:some_items, DB[:items].filter(:category => 'ruby'))

For databases where replacing a view is not natively supported, support is emulated by dropping a view with the same name before creating the view.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 240
240:     def create_or_replace_view(name, source, options = OPTS)
241:       if supports_create_or_replace_view?
242:         options = options.merge(:replace=>true)
243:       else
244:         drop_view(name) rescue nil
245:       end
246: 
247:       create_view(name, source, options)
248:     end

Creates a table with the columns given in the provided block:

  DB.create_table :posts do
    primary_key :id
    column :title, :text
    String :content
    index :title
  end

General options:

:as :Create the table using the value, which should be either a dataset or a literal SQL string. If this option is used, a block should not be given to the method.
:ignore_index_errors :Ignore any errors when creating indexes.
:temp :Create the table as a temporary table.

MySQL specific options:

:charset :The character set to use for the table.
:collate :The collation to use for the table.
:engine :The table engine to use for the table.

PostgreSQL specific options:

:on_commit :Either :preserve_rows (default), :drop or :delete_rows. Should only be specified when creating a temporary table.
:foreign :Create a foreign table. The value should be the name of the foreign server that was specified in CREATE SERVER.
:inherits :Inherit from a different table. An array can be specified to inherit from multiple tables.
:unlogged :Create the table as an unlogged table.
:options :The OPTIONS clause to use for foreign tables. Should be a hash where keys are option names and values are option values. Note that option names are unquoted, so you should not use untrusted keys.

See Schema::Generator and the "Schema Modification" guide.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 187
187:     def create_table(name, options=OPTS, &block)
188:       remove_cached_schema(name)
189:       options = {:generator=>options} if options.is_a?(Schema::CreateTableGenerator)
190:       if sql = options[:as]
191:         raise(Error, "can't provide both :as option and block to create_table") if block
192:         create_table_as(name, sql, options)
193:       else
194:         generator = options[:generator] || create_table_generator(&block)
195:         create_table_from_generator(name, generator, options)
196:         create_table_indexes_from_generator(name, generator, options)
197:         nil
198:       end
199:     end

Forcibly create a table, attempting to drop it if it already exists, then creating it.

  DB.create_table!(:a){Integer :a}
  # SELECT NULL FROM a LIMIT 1 -- check existence
  # DROP TABLE a -- drop table if already exists
  # CREATE TABLE a (a integer)

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 207
207:     def create_table!(name, options=OPTS, &block)
208:       drop_table?(name)
209:       create_table(name, options, &block)
210:     end

Creates the table unless the table already exists.

  DB.create_table?(:a){Integer :a}
  # SELECT NULL FROM a LIMIT 1 -- check existence
  # CREATE TABLE a (a integer) -- if it doesn't already exist

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 217
217:     def create_table?(name, options=OPTS, &block)
218:       options = options.dup
219:       generator = options[:generator] ||= create_table_generator(&block)
220:       if generator.indexes.empty? && supports_create_table_if_not_exists?
221:         create_table(name, options.merge!(:if_not_exists=>true))
222:       elsif !table_exists?(name)
223:         create_table(name, options)
224:       end
225:     end

Return a new Schema::CreateTableGenerator instance with the receiver as the database and the given block.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 229
229:     def create_table_generator(&block)
230:       create_table_generator_class.new(self, &block)
231:     end

Creates a view based on a dataset or an SQL string:

  DB.create_view(:cheap_items, "SELECT * FROM items WHERE price < 100")
  # CREATE VIEW cheap_items AS
  # SELECT * FROM items WHERE price < 100

  DB.create_view(:ruby_items, DB[:items].where(:category => 'ruby'))
  # CREATE VIEW ruby_items AS
  # SELECT * FROM items WHERE (category = 'ruby')

  DB.create_view(:checked_items, DB[:items].where(:foo), :check=>true)
  # CREATE VIEW checked_items AS
  # SELECT * FROM items WHERE foo
  # WITH CHECK OPTION

Options:

:columns :The column names to use for the view. If not given, automatically determined based on the input dataset.
:check :Adds a WITH CHECK OPTION clause, so that attempting to modify rows in the underlying table that would not be returned by the view is not allowed. This can be set to :local to use WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION.

PostgreSQL/SQLite specific option:

:temp :Create a temporary view, automatically dropped on disconnect.

PostgreSQL specific options:

:materialized :Creates a materialized view, similar to a regular view, but backed by a physical table.
:recursive :Creates a recursive view. As columns must be specified for recursive views, you can also set them as the value of this option. Since a recursive view requires a union that isn‘t in a subquery, if you are providing a Dataset as the source argument, if should probably call the union method with the :all=>true and :from_self=>false options.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 285
285:     def create_view(name, source, options = OPTS)
286:       execute_ddl(create_view_sql(name, source, options))
287:       remove_cached_schema(name)
288:       nil
289:     end

Removes a column from the specified table:

  DB.drop_column :items, :category

See alter_table.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 296
296:     def drop_column(table, *args)
297:       alter_table(table) {drop_column(*args)}
298:     end

Removes an index for the given table and column/s:

  DB.drop_index :posts, :title
  DB.drop_index :posts, [:author, :title]

See alter_table.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 306
306:     def drop_index(table, columns, options=OPTS)
307:       alter_table(table){drop_index(columns, options)}
308:     end

Drop the join table that would have been created with the same arguments to create_join_table:

  drop_join_table(:cat_id=>:cats, :dog_id=>:dogs)
  # DROP TABLE cats_dogs

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 315
315:     def drop_join_table(hash, options=OPTS)
316:       drop_table(join_table_name(hash, options), options)
317:     end

Drops one or more tables corresponding to the given names:

  DB.drop_table(:posts) # DROP TABLE posts
  DB.drop_table(:posts, :comments)
  DB.drop_table(:posts, :comments, :cascade=>true)

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 324
324:     def drop_table(*names)
325:       options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
326:       names.each do |n|
327:         execute_ddl(drop_table_sql(n, options))
328:         remove_cached_schema(n)
329:       end
330:       nil
331:     end

Drops the table if it already exists. If it doesn‘t exist, does nothing.

  DB.drop_table?(:a)
  # SELECT NULL FROM a LIMIT 1 -- check existence
  # DROP TABLE a -- if it already exists

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 339
339:     def drop_table?(*names)
340:       options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
341:       if supports_drop_table_if_exists?
342:         options = options.merge(:if_exists=>true)
343:         names.each do |name|
344:           drop_table(name, options)
345:         end
346:       else
347:         names.each do |name|
348:           drop_table(name, options) if table_exists?(name)
349:         end
350:       end
351:     end

Drops one or more views corresponding to the given names:

  DB.drop_view(:cheap_items)
  DB.drop_view(:cheap_items, :pricey_items)
  DB.drop_view(:cheap_items, :pricey_items, :cascade=>true)
  DB.drop_view(:cheap_items, :pricey_items, :if_exists=>true)

Options:

:cascade :Also drop objects depending on this view.
:if_exists :Do not raise an error if the view does not exist.

PostgreSQL specific options:

:materialized :Drop a materialized view.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 366
366:     def drop_view(*names)
367:       options = names.last.is_a?(Hash) ? names.pop : {}
368:       names.each do |n|
369:         execute_ddl(drop_view_sql(n, options))
370:         remove_cached_schema(n)
371:       end
372:       nil
373:     end

Renames a column in the specified table. This method expects the current column name and the new column name:

  DB.rename_column :items, :cntr, :counter

See alter_table.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 392
392:     def rename_column(table, *args)
393:       alter_table(table) {rename_column(*args)}
394:     end

Renames a table:

  DB.tables #=> [:items]
  DB.rename_table :items, :old_items
  DB.tables #=> [:old_items]

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 380
380:     def rename_table(name, new_name)
381:       execute_ddl(rename_table_sql(name, new_name))
382:       remove_cached_schema(name)
383:       nil
384:     end

Sets the default value for the given column in the given table:

  DB.set_column_default :items, :category, 'perl!'

See alter_table.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 401
401:     def set_column_default(table, *args)
402:       alter_table(table) {set_column_default(*args)}
403:     end

Set the data type for the given column in the given table:

  DB.set_column_type :items, :price, :float

See alter_table.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/schema_methods.rb, line 410
410:     def set_column_type(table, *args)
411:       alter_table(table) {set_column_type(*args)}
412:     end

1 - Methods that execute queries and/or return results

This methods generally execute SQL code on the database server.

Constants

STRING_DEFAULT_RE = /\A'(.*)'\z/
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP_RE = /now|today|CURRENT|getdate|\ADate\(\)\z/io
COLUMN_SCHEMA_DATETIME_TYPES = [:date, :datetime]
COLUMN_SCHEMA_STRING_TYPES = [:string, :blob, :date, :datetime, :time, :enum, :set, :interval]

Attributes

cache_schema  [RW]  Whether the schema should be cached for this database. True by default for performance, can be set to false to always issue a database query to get the schema.
prepared_statements  [R]  The prepared statement object hash for this database, keyed by name symbol

Public Instance methods

Runs the supplied SQL statement string on the database server. Returns self so it can be safely chained:

  DB << "UPDATE albums SET artist_id = NULL" << "DROP TABLE artists"

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 25
25:     def <<(sql)
26:       run(sql)
27:       self
28:     end

Call the prepared statement with the given name with the given hash of arguments.

  DB[:items].filter(:id=>1).prepare(:first, :sa)
  DB.call(:sa) # SELECT * FROM items WHERE id = 1

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 35
35:     def call(ps_name, hash={}, &block)
36:       prepared_statement(ps_name).call(hash, &block)
37:     end

Method that should be used when submitting any DDL (Data Definition Language) SQL, such as create_table. By default, calls execute_dui. This method should not be called directly by user code.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 42
42:     def execute_ddl(sql, opts=OPTS, &block)
43:       execute_dui(sql, opts, &block)
44:     end

Method that should be used when issuing a DELETE, UPDATE, or INSERT statement. By default, calls execute. This method should not be called directly by user code.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 49
49:     def execute_dui(sql, opts=OPTS, &block)
50:       execute(sql, opts, &block)
51:     end

Method that should be used when issuing a INSERT statement. By default, calls execute_dui. This method should not be called directly by user code.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 56
56:     def execute_insert(sql, opts=OPTS, &block)
57:       execute_dui(sql, opts, &block)
58:     end

Returns a single value from the database, e.g.:

  DB.get(1) # SELECT 1
  # => 1
  DB.get{server_version{}} # SELECT server_version()

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 65
65:     def get(*args, &block)
66:       @default_dataset.get(*args, &block)
67:     end

Runs the supplied SQL statement string on the database server. Returns nil. Options:

:server :The server to run the SQL on.
  DB.run("SET some_server_variable = 42")

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 74
74:     def run(sql, opts=OPTS)
75:       sql = literal(sql) if sql.is_a?(SQL::PlaceholderLiteralString)
76:       execute_ddl(sql, opts)
77:       nil
78:     end

Returns the schema for the given table as an array with all members being arrays of length 2, the first member being the column name, and the second member being a hash of column information. The table argument can also be a dataset, as long as it only has one table. Available options are:

:reload :Ignore any cached results, and get fresh information from the database.
:schema :An explicit schema to use. It may also be implicitly provided via the table name.

If schema parsing is supported by the database, the column information should hash at least contain the following entries:

:allow_null :Whether NULL is an allowed value for the column.
:db_type :The database type for the column, as a database specific string.
:default :The database default for the column, as a database specific string.
:primary_key :Whether the columns is a primary key column. If this column is not present, it means that primary key information is unavailable, not that the column is not a primary key.
:ruby_default :The database default for the column, as a ruby object. In many cases, complex database defaults cannot be parsed into ruby objects, in which case nil will be used as the value.
:type :A symbol specifying the type, such as :integer or :string.

Example:

  DB.schema(:artists)
  # [[:id,
  #   {:type=>:integer,
  #    :primary_key=>true,
  #    :default=>"nextval('artist_id_seq'::regclass)",
  #    :ruby_default=>nil,
  #    :db_type=>"integer",
  #    :allow_null=>false}],
  #  [:name,
  #   {:type=>:string,
  #    :primary_key=>false,
  #    :default=>nil,
  #    :ruby_default=>nil,
  #    :db_type=>"text",
  #    :allow_null=>false}]]

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 120
120:     def schema(table, opts=OPTS)
121:       raise(Error, 'schema parsing is not implemented on this database') unless supports_schema_parsing?
122: 
123:       opts = opts.dup
124:       tab = if table.is_a?(Dataset)
125:         o = table.opts
126:         from = o[:from]
127:         raise(Error, "can only parse the schema for a dataset with a single from table") unless from && from.length == 1 && !o.include?(:join) && !o.include?(:sql)
128:         table.first_source_table
129:       else
130:         table
131:       end
132: 
133:       qualifiers = split_qualifiers(tab)
134:       table_name = qualifiers.pop
135:       sch = qualifiers.pop
136:       information_schema_schema = case qualifiers.length
137:       when 1
138:         Sequel.identifier(*qualifiers)
139:       when 2
140:         Sequel.qualify(*qualifiers)
141:       end
142: 
143:       if table.is_a?(Dataset)
144:         quoted_name = table.literal(tab)
145:         opts[:dataset] = table
146:       else
147:         quoted_name = schema_utility_dataset.literal(table)
148:       end
149: 
150:       opts[:schema] = sch if sch && !opts.include?(:schema)
151:       opts[:information_schema_schema] = information_schema_schema if information_schema_schema && !opts.include?(:information_schema_schema)
152: 
153:       Sequel.synchronize{@schemas.delete(quoted_name)} if opts[:reload]
154:       if v = Sequel.synchronize{@schemas[quoted_name]}
155:         return v
156:       end
157: 
158:       cols = schema_parse_table(table_name, opts)
159:       raise(Error, 'schema parsing returned no columns, table probably doesn\'t exist') if cols.nil? || cols.empty?
160: 
161:       primary_keys = 0
162:       auto_increment_set = false
163:       cols.all? do |_,c|
164:         auto_increment_set = true if c.has_key?(:auto_increment)
165:         primary_keys += 1 if c[:primary_key]
166:       end
167: 
168:       cols.each do |_,c|
169:         c[:ruby_default] = column_schema_to_ruby_default(c[:default], c[:type])
170:         if c[:primary_key] && !auto_increment_set
171:           # If adapter didn't set it, assume that integer primary keys are auto incrementing
172:           c[:auto_increment] = primary_keys == 1 && !!(c[:db_type] =~ /int/io)
173:         end
174:         if !c[:max_length] && c[:type] == :string && (max_length = column_schema_max_length(c[:db_type]))
175:           c[:max_length] = max_length
176:         end
177:       end
178:       Sequel.synchronize{@schemas[quoted_name] = cols} if cache_schema
179:       cols
180:     end

Returns true if a table with the given name exists. This requires a query to the database.

  DB.table_exists?(:foo) # => false
  # SELECT NULL FROM foo LIMIT 1

Note that since this does a SELECT from the table, it can give false negatives if you don‘t have permission to SELECT from the table.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/query.rb, line 190
190:     def table_exists?(name)
191:       sch, table_name = schema_and_table(name)
192:       name = SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(sch, table_name) if sch
193:       _table_exists?(from(name))
194:       true
195:     rescue DatabaseError
196:       false
197:     end

7 - Miscellaneous methods

These methods don‘t fit neatly into another category.

Classes and Modules

Module Sequel::Database::ResetIdentifierMangling

Constants

EXTENSIONS = {}   Hash of extension name symbols to callable objects to load the extension into the Database object (usually by extending it with a module defined in the extension).
DEFAULT_STRING_COLUMN_SIZE = 255   The general default size for string columns for all Sequel::Database instances.
DEFAULT_DATABASE_ERROR_REGEXPS = {}.freeze   Empty exception regexp to class map, used by default if Sequel doesn‘t have specific support for the database in use.
SCHEMA_TYPE_CLASSES = {:string=>String, :integer=>Integer, :date=>Date, :datetime=>[Time, DateTime].freeze, :time=>Sequel::SQLTime, :boolean=>[TrueClass, FalseClass].freeze, :float=>Float, :decimal=>BigDecimal, :blob=>Sequel::SQL::Blob}.freeze   Mapping of schema type symbols to class or arrays of classes for that symbol.
NOT_NULL_CONSTRAINT_SQLSTATES = %w'23502'.freeze.each{|s| s.freeze}
FOREIGN_KEY_CONSTRAINT_SQLSTATES = %w'23503 23506 23504'.freeze.each{|s| s.freeze}
UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SQLSTATES = %w'23505'.freeze.each{|s| s.freeze}
CHECK_CONSTRAINT_SQLSTATES = %w'23513 23514'.freeze.each{|s| s.freeze}
SERIALIZATION_CONSTRAINT_SQLSTATES = %w'40001'.freeze.each{|s| s.freeze}
LEADING_ZERO_RE = /\A0+(\d)/.freeze   Used for checking/removing leading zeroes from strings so they don‘t get interpreted as octal.
LEADING_ZERO_REP = "\\1".freeze   :nocov: Replacement string when replacing leading zeroes.

Attributes

default_string_column_size  [RW]  The specific default size of string columns for this Sequel::Database, usually 255 by default.
opts  [R]  The options hash for this database
timezone  [W]  Set the timezone to use for this database, overridding Sequel.database_timezone.

Public Class methods

Register a hook that will be run when a new Database is instantiated. It is called with the new database handle.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 40
40:     def self.after_initialize(&block)
41:       raise Error, "must provide block to after_initialize" unless block
42:       Sequel.synchronize do
43:         previous = @initialize_hook
44:         @initialize_hook = Proc.new do |db|
45:           previous.call(db)
46:           block.call(db)
47:         end
48:       end
49:     end

Apply an extension to all Database objects created in the future.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 52
52:     def self.extension(*extensions)
53:       after_initialize{|db| db.extension(*extensions)}
54:     end

Constructs a new instance of a database connection with the specified options hash.

Accepts the following options:

:default_string_column_size :The default size of string columns, 255 by default.
:identifier_input_method :A string method symbol to call on identifiers going into the database.
:identifier_output_method :A string method symbol to call on identifiers coming from the database.
:logger :A specific logger to use.
:loggers :An array of loggers to use.
:preconnect :Whether to automatically connect to the maximum number of servers.
:quote_identifiers :Whether to quote identifiers.
:servers :A hash specifying a server/shard specific options, keyed by shard symbol .
:single_threaded :Whether to use a single-threaded connection pool.
:sql_log_level :Method to use to log SQL to a logger, :info by default.

All options given are also passed to the connection pool.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 114
114:     def initialize(opts = OPTS, &block)
115:       @opts ||= opts
116:       @opts = connection_pool_default_options.merge(@opts)
117:       @loggers = Array(@opts[:logger]) + Array(@opts[:loggers])
118:       self.log_warn_duration = @opts[:log_warn_duration]
119:       block ||= proc{|server| connect(server)}
120:       @opts[:servers] = {} if @opts[:servers].is_a?(String)
121:       @sharded = !!@opts[:servers]
122:       @opts[:adapter_class] = self.class
123:       
124:       @opts[:single_threaded] = @single_threaded = typecast_value_boolean(@opts.fetch(:single_threaded, Database.single_threaded))
125:       @schemas = {}
126:       @default_string_column_size = @opts[:default_string_column_size] || DEFAULT_STRING_COLUMN_SIZE
127:       @prepared_statements = {}
128:       @transactions = {}
129:       @identifier_input_method = nil
130:       @identifier_output_method = nil
131:       @quote_identifiers = nil
132:       @timezone = nil
133:       @dataset_class = dataset_class_default
134:       @cache_schema = typecast_value_boolean(@opts.fetch(:cache_schema, true))
135:       @dataset_modules = []
136:       @symbol_literal_cache = {}
137:       @schema_type_classes = SCHEMA_TYPE_CLASSES.dup
138:       self.sql_log_level = @opts[:sql_log_level] ? @opts[:sql_log_level].to_sym : :info
139:       @pool = ConnectionPool.get_pool(self, @opts)
140: 
141:       reset_identifier_mangling
142:       adapter_initialize
143: 
144:       unless typecast_value_boolean(@opts[:keep_reference]) == false
145:         Sequel.synchronize{::Sequel::DATABASES.push(self)}
146:       end
147:       Sequel::Database.run_after_initialize(self)
148:       @pool.send(:preconnect) if typecast_value_boolean(@opts[:preconnect]) && @pool.respond_to?(:preconnect, true)
149:     end

Register an extension callback for Database objects. ext should be the extension name symbol, and mod should either be a Module that the database is extended with, or a callable object called with the database object. If mod is not provided, a block can be provided and is treated as the mod object.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 61
61:     def self.register_extension(ext, mod=nil, &block)
62:       if mod
63:         raise(Error, "cannot provide both mod and block to Database.register_extension") if block
64:         if mod.is_a?(Module)
65:           block = proc{|db| db.extend(mod)}
66:         else
67:           block = mod
68:         end
69:       end
70:       Sequel.synchronize{EXTENSIONS[ext] = block}
71:     end

Run the after_initialize hook for the given instance.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 74
74:     def self.run_after_initialize(instance)
75:       @initialize_hook.call(instance)
76:     end

Public Instance methods

If a transaction is not currently in process, yield to the block immediately. Otherwise, add the block to the list of blocks to call after the currently in progress transaction commits (and only if it commits). Options:

:server :The server/shard to use.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 156
156:     def after_commit(opts=OPTS, &block)
157:       raise Error, "must provide block to after_commit" unless block
158:       synchronize(opts[:server]) do |conn|
159:         if h = _trans(conn)
160:           raise Error, "cannot call after_commit in a prepared transaction" if h[:prepare]
161:           (h[:after_commit] ||= []) << block
162:         else
163:           yield
164:         end
165:       end
166:     end

If a transaction is not currently in progress, ignore the block. Otherwise, add the block to the list of the blocks to call after the currently in progress transaction rolls back (and only if it rolls back). Options:

:server :The server/shard to use.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 173
173:     def after_rollback(opts=OPTS, &block)
174:       raise Error, "must provide block to after_rollback" unless block
175:       synchronize(opts[:server]) do |conn|
176:         if h = _trans(conn)
177:           raise Error, "cannot call after_rollback in a prepared transaction" if h[:prepare]
178:           (h[:after_rollback] ||= []) << block
179:         end
180:       end
181:     end

Cast the given type to a literal type

  DB.cast_type_literal(Float) # double precision
  DB.cast_type_literal(:foo) # foo

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 187
187:     def cast_type_literal(type)
188:       type_literal(:type=>type)
189:     end

Load an extension into the receiver. In addition to requiring the extension file, this also modifies the database to work with the extension (usually extending it with a module defined in the extension file). If no related extension file exists or the extension does not have specific support for Database objects, an Error will be raised. Returns self.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 196
196:     def extension(*exts)
197:       Sequel.extension(*exts)
198:       exts.each do |ext|
199:         if pr = Sequel.synchronize{EXTENSIONS[ext]}
200:           pr.call(self)
201:         else
202:           raise(Error, "Extension #{ext} does not have specific support handling individual databases")
203:         end
204:       end
205:       self
206:     end

Convert the given timestamp from the application‘s timezone, to the databases‘s timezone or the default database timezone if the database does not have a timezone.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 211
211:     def from_application_timestamp(v)
212:       Sequel.convert_output_timestamp(v, timezone)
213:     end

Return true if already in a transaction given the options, false otherwise. Respects the :server option for selecting a shard.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 218
218:     def in_transaction?(opts=OPTS)
219:       synchronize(opts[:server]){|conn| !!_trans(conn)}
220:     end

Returns a string representation of the database object including the class name and connection URI and options used when connecting (if any).

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 224
224:     def inspect
225:       a = []
226:       a << uri.inspect if uri
227:       if (oo = opts[:orig_opts]) && !oo.empty?
228:         a << oo.inspect
229:       end
230:       "#<#{self.class}: #{a.join(' ')}>"
231:     end

Proxy the literal call to the dataset.

  DB.literal(1) # 1
  DB.literal(:a) # a
  DB.literal('a') # 'a'

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 238
238:     def literal(v)
239:       schema_utility_dataset.literal(v)
240:     end

Return the literalized version of the symbol if cached, or nil if it is not cached.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 244
244:     def literal_symbol(sym)
245:       Sequel.synchronize{@symbol_literal_cache[sym]}
246:     end

Set the cached value of the literal symbol.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 249
249:     def literal_symbol_set(sym, lit)
250:       Sequel.synchronize{@symbol_literal_cache[sym] = lit}
251:     end

Synchronize access to the prepared statements cache.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 254
254:     def prepared_statement(name)
255:       Sequel.synchronize{prepared_statements[name]}
256:     end

Proxy the quote_identifier method to the dataset, useful for quoting unqualified identifiers for use outside of datasets.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 261
261:     def quote_identifier(v)
262:       schema_utility_dataset.quote_identifier(v)
263:     end

Return ruby class or array of classes for the given type symbol.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 266
266:     def schema_type_class(type)
267:       @schema_type_classes[type]
268:     end

Default serial primary key options, used by the table creation code.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 272
272:     def serial_primary_key_options
273:       {:primary_key => true, :type => Integer, :auto_increment => true}
274:     end

Cache the prepared statement object at the given name.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 277
277:     def set_prepared_statement(name, ps)
278:       ps.prepared_sql
279:       Sequel.synchronize{prepared_statements[name] = ps}
280:     end

Whether this database instance uses multiple servers, either for sharding or for master/slave.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 284
284:     def sharded?
285:       @sharded
286:     end

The timezone to use for this database, defaulting to Sequel.database_timezone.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 289
289:     def timezone
290:       @timezone || Sequel.database_timezone
291:     end

Convert the given timestamp to the application‘s timezone, from the databases‘s timezone or the default database timezone if the database does not have a timezone.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 296
296:     def to_application_timestamp(v)
297:       Sequel.convert_timestamp(v, timezone)
298:     end

Typecast the value to the given column_type. Calls typecast_value_#{column_type} if the method exists, otherwise returns the value. This method should raise Sequel::InvalidValue if assigned value is invalid.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 305
305:     def typecast_value(column_type, value)
306:       return nil if value.nil?
307:       meth = "typecast_value_#{column_type}"
308:       begin
309:         respond_to?(meth, true) ? send(meth, value) : value
310:       rescue ArgumentError, TypeError => e
311:         raise Sequel.convert_exception_class(e, InvalidValue)
312:       end
313:     end

Returns the URI use to connect to the database. If a URI was not used when connecting, returns nil.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 317
317:     def uri
318:       opts[:uri]
319:     end

Explicit alias of uri for easier subclassing.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/misc.rb, line 322
322:     def url
323:       uri
324:     end

6 - Methods relating to logging

This methods affect relating to the logging of executed SQL.

Attributes

log_warn_duration  [RW]  Numeric specifying the duration beyond which queries are logged at warn level instead of info level.
loggers  [RW]  Array of SQL loggers to use for this database.
sql_log_level  [RW]  Log level at which to log SQL queries. This is actually the method sent to the logger, so it should be the method name symbol. The default is :info, it can be set to :debug to log at DEBUG level.

Public Instance methods

Log a message at error level, with information about the exception.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/logging.rb, line 21
21:     def log_exception(exception, message)
22:       log_each(:error, "#{exception.class}: #{exception.message.strip if exception.message}: #{message}")
23:     end

Log a message at level info to all loggers.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/logging.rb, line 26
26:     def log_info(message, args=nil)
27:       log_each(:info, args ? "#{message}; #{args.inspect}" : message)
28:     end

Yield to the block, logging any errors at error level to all loggers, and all other queries with the duration at warn or info level.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/logging.rb, line 32
32:     def log_yield(sql, args=nil)
33:       return yield if @loggers.empty?
34:       sql = "#{sql}; #{args.inspect}" if args
35:       start = Time.now
36:       begin
37:         yield
38:       rescue => e
39:         log_exception(e, sql)
40:         raise
41:       ensure
42:         log_duration(Time.now - start, sql) unless e
43:       end
44:     end

Remove any existing loggers and just use the given logger:

  DB.logger = Logger.new($stdout)

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/logging.rb, line 49
49:     def logger=(logger)
50:       @loggers = Array(logger)
51:     end

9 - Methods that describe what the database supports

These methods all return booleans, with most describing whether or not the database supprots a given feature.

Public Instance methods

Whether the database uses a global namespace for the index. If false, the indexes are going to be namespaced per table.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 11
11:     def global_index_namespace?
12:       true
13:     end

Whether the database supports CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS syntax, false by default.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 17
17:     def supports_create_table_if_not_exists?
18:       false
19:     end

Whether the database supports deferrable constraints, false by default as few databases do.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 23
23:     def supports_deferrable_constraints?
24:       false
25:     end

Whether the database supports deferrable foreign key constraints, false by default as few databases do.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 29
29:     def supports_deferrable_foreign_key_constraints?
30:       supports_deferrable_constraints?
31:     end

Whether the database supports DROP TABLE IF EXISTS syntax, default is the same as supports_create_table_if_not_exists?.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 35
35:     def supports_drop_table_if_exists?
36:       supports_create_table_if_not_exists?
37:     end

Whether the database supports Database#foreign_key_list for parsing foreign keys.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 41
41:     def supports_foreign_key_parsing?
42:       respond_to?(:foreign_key_list)
43:     end

Whether the database supports Database#indexes for parsing indexes.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 46
46:     def supports_index_parsing?
47:       respond_to?(:indexes)
48:     end

Whether the database supports partial indexes (indexes on a subset of a table).

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 51
51:     def supports_partial_indexes?
52:       false
53:     end

Whether the database and adapter support prepared transactions (two-phase commit), false by default.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 57
57:     def supports_prepared_transactions?
58:       false
59:     end

Whether the database and adapter support savepoints, false by default.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 62
62:     def supports_savepoints?
63:       false
64:     end

Whether the database and adapter support savepoints inside prepared transactions (two-phase commit), default is false.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 68
68:     def supports_savepoints_in_prepared_transactions?
69:       supports_prepared_transactions? && supports_savepoints?
70:     end

Whether the database supports schema parsing via Database#schema.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 73
73:     def supports_schema_parsing?
74:       respond_to?(:schema_parse_table, true)
75:     end

Whether the database supports Database#tables for getting list of tables.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 78
78:     def supports_table_listing?
79:       respond_to?(:tables)
80:     end

Whether the database and adapter support transaction isolation levels, false by default.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 88
88:     def supports_transaction_isolation_levels?
89:       false
90:     end

Whether DDL statements work correctly in transactions, false by default.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 93
93:     def supports_transactional_ddl?
94:       false
95:     end

Whether the database supports Database#views for getting list of views.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 83
83:     def supports_view_listing?
84:       respond_to?(:views)
85:     end

Whether CREATE VIEW … WITH CHECK OPTION is supported, false by default.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 98
 98:     def supports_views_with_check_option?
 99:       !!view_with_check_option_support
100:     end

Whether CREATE VIEW … WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION is supported, false by default.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/features.rb, line 103
103:     def supports_views_with_local_check_option?
104:       view_with_check_option_support == :local
105:     end

5 - Methods that set defaults for created datasets

This methods change the default behavior of this database‘s datasets.

Constants

DatasetClass = Sequel::Dataset   The default class to use for datasets

Attributes

dataset_class  [R]  The class to use for creating datasets. Should respond to new with the Database argument as the first argument, and an optional options hash.
identifier_input_method  [R]  The identifier input method to use by default for all databases (default: adapter default)
identifier_input_method  [R]  The identifier input method to use by default for this database (default: adapter default)
identifier_output_method  [R]  The identifier output method to use by default for all databases (default: adapter default)
identifier_output_method  [R]  The identifier output method to use by default for this database (default: adapter default)
quote_identifiers  [RW]  Whether to quote identifiers (columns and tables) by default for all databases (default: adapter default)

Public Class methods

Change the default identifier input method to use for all databases,

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb, line 27
27:     def self.identifier_input_method=(v)
28:       @identifier_input_method = v.nil? ? false : v
29:     end

Change the default identifier output method to use for all databases,

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb, line 32
32:     def self.identifier_output_method=(v)
33:       @identifier_output_method = v.nil? ? false : v
34:     end

Public Instance methods

If the database has any dataset modules associated with it, use a subclass of the given class that includes the modules as the dataset class.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb, line 50
50:     def dataset_class=(c)
51:       unless @dataset_modules.empty?
52:         c = Class.new(c)
53:         @dataset_modules.each{|m| c.send(:include, m)}
54:       end
55:       @dataset_class = c
56:       reset_default_dataset
57:     end

Equivalent to extending all datasets produced by the database with a module. What it actually does is use a subclass of the current dataset_class as the new dataset_class, and include the module in the subclass. Instead of a module, you can provide a block that is used to create an anonymous module.

This allows you to override any of the dataset methods even if they are defined directly on the dataset class that this Database object uses.

Examples:

  # Introspec columns for all of DB's datasets
  DB.extend_datasets(Sequel::ColumnsIntrospection)

  # Trace all SELECT queries by printing the SQL and the full backtrace
  DB.extend_datasets do
    def fetch_rows(sql)
      puts sql
      puts caller
      super
    end
  end

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb, line 81
81:     def extend_datasets(mod=nil, &block)
82:       raise(Error, "must provide either mod or block, not both") if mod && block
83:       mod = Module.new(&block) if block
84:       if @dataset_modules.empty?
85:        @dataset_modules = [mod]
86:        @dataset_class = Class.new(@dataset_class)
87:       else
88:        @dataset_modules << mod
89:       end
90:       @dataset_class.send(:include, mod)
91:       reset_default_dataset
92:     end

Set the method to call on identifiers going into the database:

  DB[:items] # SELECT * FROM items
  DB.identifier_input_method = :upcase
  DB[:items] # SELECT * FROM ITEMS

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb, line 99
 99:     def identifier_input_method=(v)
100:       reset_default_dataset
101:       @identifier_input_method = v
102:     end

Set the method to call on identifiers coming from the database:

  DB[:items].first # {:id=>1, :name=>'foo'}
  DB.identifier_output_method = :upcase
  DB[:items].first # {:ID=>1, :NAME=>'foo'}

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb, line 109
109:     def identifier_output_method=(v)
110:       reset_default_dataset
111:       @identifier_output_method = v
112:     end

Set whether to quote identifiers (columns and tables) for this database:

  DB[:items] # SELECT * FROM items
  DB.quote_identifiers = true
  DB[:items] # SELECT * FROM "items"

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb, line 119
119:     def quote_identifiers=(v)
120:       reset_default_dataset
121:       @quote_identifiers = v
122:     end

Returns true if the database quotes identifiers.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/dataset_defaults.rb, line 125
125:     def quote_identifiers?
126:       @quote_identifiers
127:     end

3 - Methods that create datasets

These methods all return instances of this database‘s dataset class.

Public Instance methods

Returns a dataset for the database. If the first argument is a string, the method acts as an alias for Database#fetch, returning a dataset for arbitrary SQL, with or without placeholders:

  DB['SELECT * FROM items'].all
  DB['SELECT * FROM items WHERE name = ?', my_name].all

Otherwise, acts as an alias for Database#from, setting the primary table for the dataset:

  DB[:items].sql #=> "SELECT * FROM items"

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset.rb, line 19
19:     def [](*args)
20:       args.first.is_a?(String) ? fetch(*args) : from(*args)
21:     end

Returns a blank dataset for this database.

  DB.dataset # SELECT *
  DB.dataset.from(:items) # SELECT * FROM items

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset.rb, line 27
27:     def dataset
28:       @dataset_class.new(self)
29:     end

Fetches records for an arbitrary SQL statement. If a block is given, it is used to iterate over the records:

  DB.fetch('SELECT * FROM items'){|r| p r}

The fetch method returns a dataset instance:

  DB.fetch('SELECT * FROM items').all

fetch can also perform parameterized queries for protection against SQL injection:

  DB.fetch('SELECT * FROM items WHERE name = ?', my_name).all

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset.rb, line 44
44:     def fetch(sql, *args, &block)
45:       ds = @default_dataset.with_sql(sql, *args)
46:       ds.each(&block) if block
47:       ds
48:     end

Returns a new dataset with the from method invoked. If a block is given, it is used as a filter on the dataset.

  DB.from(:items) # SELECT * FROM items
  DB.from(:items){id > 2} # SELECT * FROM items WHERE (id > 2)

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset.rb, line 55
55:     def from(*args, &block)
56:       ds = @default_dataset.from(*args)
57:       block ? ds.filter(&block) : ds
58:     end

Returns a new dataset with the select method invoked.

  DB.select(1) # SELECT 1
  DB.select{server_version{}} # SELECT server_version()
  DB.select(:id).from(:items) # SELECT id FROM items

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/dataset.rb, line 65
65:     def select(*args, &block)
66:       @default_dataset.select(*args, &block)
67:     end

4 - Methods relating to adapters, connecting, disconnecting, and sharding

This methods involve the Database‘s connection pool.

Constants

ADAPTERS = %w'ado amalgalite cubrid db2 dbi do fdbsql firebird ibmdb informix jdbc mock mysql mysql2 odbc openbase oracle postgres sqlanywhere sqlite swift tinytds'.collect{|x| x.to_sym}   Array of supported database adapters
OPTS = Sequel::OPTS
DEFAULT_CONFIG = { :user => 'dba', :password => 'sql' }
LAST_INSERT_ID = 'SELECT @@IDENTITY'.freeze
AFFECTED_ROWS_RE = /Rows matched:\s+(\d+)\s+Changed:\s+\d+\s+Warnings:\s+\d+/.freeze   Regular expression used for getting accurate number of rows matched by an update statement.

Attributes

api  [RW] 
conversion_procs  [R]  Hash of conversion procs for the current database
conversion_procs  [R]  The conversion procs to use for this database
convert_invalid_date_time  [R]  By default, Sequel raises an exception if in invalid date or time is used. However, if this is set to nil or :nil, the adapter treats dates like 0000-00-00 and times like 838:00:00 as nil values. If set to :string, it returns the strings as is.
convert_tinyint_to_bool  [R]  Whether to convert tinyint columns to bool for the current database
pool  [R]  The connection pool for this Database instance. All Database instances have their own connection pools.
single_threaded  [RW]  Whether to use the single threaded connection pool by default
swift_class  [RW]  The Swift adapter class being used by this database. Connections in this database‘s connection pool will be instances of this class.

Public Class methods

The Database subclass for the given adapter scheme. Raises Sequel::AdapterNotFound if the adapter could not be loaded.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 21
21:     def self.adapter_class(scheme)
22:       return scheme if scheme.is_a?(Class)
23: 
24:       scheme = scheme.to_s.gsub('-', '_').to_sym
25: 
26:       load_adapter(scheme)
27:     end

Returns the scheme symbol for the Database class.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 30
30:     def self.adapter_scheme
31:       @scheme
32:     end

Connects to a database. See Sequel.connect.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 35
35:     def self.connect(conn_string, opts = OPTS)
36:       case conn_string
37:       when String
38:         if match = /\A(jdbc|do):/o.match(conn_string)
39:           c = adapter_class(match[1].to_sym)
40:           opts = opts.merge(:orig_opts=>opts.dup)
41:           opts = {:uri=>conn_string}.merge(opts)
42:         else
43:           uri = URI.parse(conn_string)
44:           scheme = uri.scheme
45:           scheme = :dbi if scheme =~ /\Adbi-/
46:           c = adapter_class(scheme)
47:           uri_options = c.send(:uri_to_options, uri)
48:           uri.query.split('&').collect{|s| s.split('=')}.each{|k,v| uri_options[k.to_sym] = v if k && !k.empty?} unless uri.query.to_s.strip.empty?
49:           uri_options.to_a.each{|k,v| uri_options[k] = (defined?(URI::DEFAULT_PARSER) ? URI::DEFAULT_PARSER : URI).unescape(v) if v.is_a?(String)}
50:           opts = uri_options.merge(opts).merge!(:orig_opts=>opts.dup, :uri=>conn_string, :adapter=>scheme)
51:         end
52:       when Hash
53:         opts = conn_string.merge(opts)
54:         opts = opts.merge(:orig_opts=>opts.dup)
55:         c = adapter_class(opts[:adapter_class] || opts[:adapter] || opts['adapter'])
56:       else
57:         raise Error, "Sequel::Database.connect takes either a Hash or a String, given: #{conn_string.inspect}"
58:       end
59:       # process opts a bit
60:       opts = opts.inject({}) do |m, (k,v)|
61:         k = :user if k.to_s == 'username'
62:         m[k.to_sym] = v
63:         m
64:       end
65:       begin
66:         db = c.new(opts)
67:         db.test_connection if opts[:test] && db.send(:typecast_value_boolean, opts[:test])
68:         if block_given?
69:           return yield(db)
70:         end
71:       ensure
72:         if block_given?
73:           db.disconnect if db
74:           Sequel.synchronize{::Sequel::DATABASES.delete(db)}
75:         end
76:       end
77:       db
78:     end

Load the adapter from the file system. Raises Sequel::AdapterNotFound if the adapter cannot be loaded, or if the adapter isn‘t registered correctly after being loaded. Options:

:map :The Hash in which to look for an already loaded adapter (defaults to ADAPTER_MAP).
:subdir :The subdirectory of sequel/adapters to look in, only to be used for loading subadapters.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 86
 86:     def self.load_adapter(scheme, opts=OPTS)
 87:       map = opts[:map] || ADAPTER_MAP
 88:       if subdir = opts[:subdir]
 89:         file = "#{subdir}/#{scheme}"
 90:       else
 91:         file = scheme
 92:       end
 93:       
 94:       unless obj = Sequel.synchronize{map[scheme]}
 95:         # attempt to load the adapter file
 96:         begin
 97:           require "sequel/adapters/#{file}"
 98:         rescue LoadError => e
 99:           # If subadapter file doesn't exist, just return, 
100:           # using the main adapter class without database customizations.
101:           return if subdir
102:           raise Sequel.convert_exception_class(e, AdapterNotFound)
103:         end
104:         
105:         # make sure we actually loaded the adapter
106:         unless obj = Sequel.synchronize{map[scheme]}
107:           raise AdapterNotFound, "Could not load #{file} adapter: adapter class not registered in ADAPTER_MAP"
108:         end
109:       end
110: 
111:       obj
112:     end

Public Instance methods

Returns the scheme symbol for this instance‘s class, which reflects which adapter is being used. In some cases, this can be the same as the database_type (for native adapters), in others (i.e. adapters with subadapters), it will be different.

  Sequel.connect('jdbc:postgres://...').adapter_scheme # => :jdbc

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 142
142:     def adapter_scheme
143:       self.class.adapter_scheme
144:     end

Dynamically add new servers or modify server options at runtime. Also adds new servers to the connection pool. Intended for use with master/slave or shard configurations where it is useful to add new server hosts at runtime.

servers argument should be a hash with server name symbol keys and hash or proc values. If a servers key is already in use, it‘s value is overridden with the value provided.

  DB.add_servers(:f=>{:host=>"hash_host_f"})

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 155
155:     def add_servers(servers)
156:       if h = @opts[:servers]
157:         Sequel.synchronize{h.merge!(servers)}
158:         @pool.add_servers(servers.keys)
159:       end
160:     end

Connect to the database. Since SQLite is a file based database, available options are limited:

:database :database name (filename or ’:memory:’ or file: URI)
:readonly :open database in read-only mode; useful for reading static data that you do not want to modify
:timeout :how long to wait for the database to be available if it is locked, given in milliseconds (default is 5000)

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlite.rb, line 102
102:       def connect(server)
103:         opts = server_opts(server)
104:         opts[:database] = ':memory:' if blank_object?(opts[:database])
105:         sqlite3_opts = {}
106:         sqlite3_opts[:readonly] = typecast_value_boolean(opts[:readonly]) if opts.has_key?(:readonly)
107:         db = ::SQLite3::Database.new(opts[:database].to_s, sqlite3_opts)
108:         db.busy_timeout(opts.fetch(:timeout, 5000))
109:         
110:         connection_pragmas.each{|s| log_yield(s){db.execute_batch(s)}}
111:         
112:         class << db
113:           attr_reader :prepared_statements
114:         end
115:         db.instance_variable_set(:@prepared_statements, {})
116:         
117:         db
118:       end

Create an instance of swift_class for the given options.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/swift.rb, line 41
41:       def connect(server)
42:         opts = server_opts(server)
43:         opts[:pass] = opts[:password]
44:         setup_connection(swift_class.new(opts))
45:       end

Connect to the database. In addition to the usual database options, the following options have effect:

:auto_is_null :Set to true to use MySQL default behavior of having a filter for an autoincrement column equals NULL to return the last inserted row.
:charset :Same as :encoding (:encoding takes precendence)
:compress :Set to false to not compress results from the server
:config_default_group :The default group to read from the in the MySQL config file.
:config_local_infile :If provided, sets the Mysql::OPT_LOCAL_INFILE option on the connection with the given value.
:connect_timeout :Set the timeout in seconds before a connection attempt is abandoned.
:encoding :Set all the related character sets for this connection (connection, client, database, server, and results).
:read_timeout :Set the timeout in seconds for reading back results to a query.
:socket :Use a unix socket file instead of connecting via TCP/IP.
:timeout :Set the timeout in seconds before the server will disconnect this connection (a.k.a @@wait_timeout).

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/mysql.rb, line 83
 83:       def connect(server)
 84:         opts = server_opts(server)
 85:         conn = Mysql.init
 86:         conn.options(Mysql::READ_DEFAULT_GROUP, opts[:config_default_group] || "client")
 87:         conn.options(Mysql::OPT_LOCAL_INFILE, opts[:config_local_infile]) if opts.has_key?(:config_local_infile)
 88:         conn.ssl_set(opts[:sslkey], opts[:sslcert], opts[:sslca], opts[:sslcapath], opts[:sslcipher]) if opts[:sslca] || opts[:sslkey]
 89:         if encoding = opts[:encoding] || opts[:charset]
 90:           # Set encoding before connecting so that the mysql driver knows what
 91:           # encoding we want to use, but this can be overridden by READ_DEFAULT_GROUP.
 92:           conn.options(Mysql::SET_CHARSET_NAME, encoding)
 93:         end
 94:         if read_timeout = opts[:read_timeout] and defined? Mysql::OPT_READ_TIMEOUT
 95:           conn.options(Mysql::OPT_READ_TIMEOUT, read_timeout)
 96:         end
 97:         if connect_timeout = opts[:connect_timeout] and defined? Mysql::OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT
 98:           conn.options(Mysql::OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, connect_timeout)
 99:         end
100:         conn.real_connect(
101:           opts[:host] || 'localhost',
102:           opts[:user],
103:           opts[:password],
104:           opts[:database],
105:           (opts[:port].to_i if opts[:port]),
106:           opts[:socket],
107:           Mysql::CLIENT_MULTI_RESULTS +
108:           Mysql::CLIENT_MULTI_STATEMENTS +
109:           (opts[:compress] == false ? 0 : Mysql::CLIENT_COMPRESS)
110:         )
111:         sqls = mysql_connection_setting_sqls
112: 
113:         # Set encoding a slightly different way after connecting,
114:         # in case the READ_DEFAULT_GROUP overrode the provided encoding.
115:         # Doesn't work across implicit reconnects, but Sequel doesn't turn on
116:         # that feature.
117:         sqls.unshift("SET NAMES #{literal(encoding.to_s)}") if encoding
118: 
119:         sqls.each{|sql| log_yield(sql){conn.query(sql)}}
120: 
121:         add_prepared_statements_cache(conn)
122:         conn
123:       end

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlanywhere.rb, line 49
49:       def connect(server)
50:         opts = server_opts(server)
51:         unless conn_string = opts[:conn_string]
52:           conn_string = []
53:           conn_string << "Host=#{opts[:host]}#{":#{opts[:port]}" if opts[:port]}" if opts[:host]
54:           conn_string << "DBN=#{opts[:database]}" if opts[:database]
55:           conn_string << "UID=#{opts[:user]}" if opts[:user]
56:           conn_string << "Password=#{opts[:password]}" if opts[:password]
57:           conn_string << "CommLinks=#{opts[:commlinks]}" if opts[:commlinks]
58:           conn_string << "ConnectionName=#{opts[:connection_name]}" if opts[:connection_name]
59:           conn_string << "CharSet=#{opts[:encoding]}" if opts[:encoding]
60:           conn_string << "Idle=0" # Prevent the server from disconnecting us if we're idle for >240mins (by default)
61:           conn_string << nil
62:           conn_string = conn_string.join(';')
63:         end
64: 
65:         conn = @api.sqlany_new_connection
66:         raise LoadError, "Could not connect" unless conn && @api.sqlany_connect(conn, conn_string) == 1
67: 
68:         if Sequel.application_timezone == :utc
69:           @api.sqlany_execute_immediate(conn, "SET TEMPORARY OPTION time_zone_adjustment=0")
70:         end
71: 
72:         conn
73:       end

Modify the type translators for the date, time, and timestamp types depending on the value given.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/mysql.rb, line 134
134:       def convert_invalid_date_time=(v)
135:         m0 = ::Sequel.method(:string_to_time)
136:         @conversion_procs[11] = (v != false) ?  lambda{|val| convert_date_time(val, &m0)} : m0
137:         m1 = ::Sequel.method(:string_to_date) 
138:         m = (v != false) ? lambda{|val| convert_date_time(val, &m1)} : m1
139:         [10, 14].each{|i| @conversion_procs[i] = m}
140:         m2 = method(:to_application_timestamp)
141:         m = (v != false) ? lambda{|val| convert_date_time(val, &m2)} : m2
142:         [7, 12].each{|i| @conversion_procs[i] = m}
143:         @convert_invalid_date_time = v
144:       end

Modify the type translator used for the tinyint type based on the value given.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/mysql.rb, line 148
148:       def convert_tinyint_to_bool=(v)
149:         @conversion_procs[1] = TYPE_TRANSLATOR.method(v ? :boolean : :integer)
150:         @convert_tinyint_to_bool = v
151:       end

The database type for this database object, the same as the adapter scheme by default. Should be overridden in adapters (especially shared adapters) to be the correct type, so that even if two separate Database objects are using different adapters you can tell that they are using the same database type. Even better, you can tell that two Database objects that are using the same adapter are connecting to different database types (think JDBC or DataObjects).

  Sequel.connect('jdbc:postgres://...').database_type # => :postgres

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 171
171:     def database_type
172:       adapter_scheme
173:     end

Disconnects all available connections from the connection pool. Any connections currently in use will not be disconnected. Options:

:servers :Should be a symbol specifing the server to disconnect from, or an array of symbols to specify multiple servers.

Example:

  DB.disconnect # All servers
  DB.disconnect(:servers=>:server1) # Single server
  DB.disconnect(:servers=>[:server1, :server2]) # Multiple servers

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 185
185:     def disconnect(opts = OPTS)
186:       pool.disconnect(opts)
187:     end

Should only be called by the connection pool code to disconnect a connection. By default, calls the close method on the connection object, since most adapters use that, but should be overwritten on other adapters.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 192
192:     def disconnect_connection(conn)
193:       conn.close
194:     end

Closes given database connection.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlanywhere.rb, line 76
76:       def disconnect_connection(c)
77:         @api.sqlany_disconnect(c)
78:       end

Disconnect given connections from the database.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlite.rb, line 121
121:       def disconnect_connection(c)
122:         c.prepared_statements.each_value{|v| v.first.close}
123:         c.close
124:       end

Closes given database connection.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/mysql.rb, line 126
126:       def disconnect_connection(c)
127:         c.close
128:       rescue Mysql::Error
129:         nil
130:       end

Yield a new Database instance for every server in the connection pool. Intended for use in sharded environments where there is a need to make schema modifications (DDL queries) on each shard.

  DB.each_server{|db| db.create_table(:users){primary_key :id; String :name}}

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 201
201:     def each_server(&block)
202:       raise(Error, "Database#each_server must be passed a block") unless block
203:       servers.each{|s| self.class.connect(server_opts(s), &block)}
204:     end

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlanywhere.rb, line 87
87:       def execute(sql, opts=OPTS, &block)
88:         synchronize do |conn|
89:           _execute(conn, :select, sql, opts, &block)
90:         end
91:       end

Run the given SQL with the given arguments and yield each row.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlite.rb, line 127
127:       def execute(sql, opts=OPTS, &block)
128:         _execute(:select, sql, opts, &block)
129:       end

Execute the given SQL, yielding a Swift::Result if a block is given.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/swift.rb, line 48
48:       def execute(sql, opts=OPTS)
49:         synchronize(opts[:server]) do |conn|
50:           begin
51:             res = log_yield(sql){conn.execute(sql)}
52:             yield res if block_given?
53:             nil
54:           rescue ::Swift::Error => e
55:             raise_error(e)
56:           end
57:         end
58:       end

Drop any prepared statements on the connection when executing DDL. This is because prepared statements lock the table in such a way that you can‘t drop or alter the table while a prepared statement that references it still exists.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlite.rb, line 139
139:       def execute_ddl(sql, opts=OPTS)
140:         synchronize(opts[:server]) do |conn|
141:           conn.prepared_statements.values.each{|cps, s| cps.close}
142:           conn.prepared_statements.clear
143:           super
144:         end
145:       end

Execute the SQL on the this database, returning the number of affected rows.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/swift.rb, line 62
62:       def execute_dui(sql, opts=OPTS)
63:         synchronize(opts[:server]) do |conn|
64:           begin
65:             log_yield(sql){conn.execute(sql).affected_rows}
66:           rescue ::Swift::Error => e
67:             raise_error(e)
68:           end
69:         end
70:       end

Returns number of rows affected

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlanywhere.rb, line 81
81:       def execute_dui(sql, opts=OPTS)
82:         synchronize do |conn|
83:           _execute(conn, :rows, sql, opts)
84:         end
85:       end

Return the number of matched rows when executing a delete/update statement.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/mysql.rb, line 154
154:       def execute_dui(sql, opts=OPTS)
155:         execute(sql, opts){|c| return affected_rows(c)}
156:       end

Run the given SQL with the given arguments and return the number of changed rows.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlite.rb, line 132
132:       def execute_dui(sql, opts=OPTS)
133:         _execute(:update, sql, opts)
134:       end

Return the last inserted id when executing an insert statement.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/mysql.rb, line 159
159:       def execute_insert(sql, opts=OPTS)
160:         execute(sql, opts){|c| return c.insert_id}
161:       end

Execute the SQL on this database, returning the primary key of the table being inserted to.

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/swift.rb, line 74
74:       def execute_insert(sql, opts=OPTS)
75:         synchronize(opts[:server]) do |conn|
76:           begin
77:             log_yield(sql){conn.execute(sql).insert_id}
78:           rescue ::Swift::Error => e
79:             raise_error(e)
80:           end
81:         end
82:       end

Run the given SQL with the given arguments and return the last inserted row id.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlite.rb, line 148
148:       def execute_insert(sql, opts=OPTS)
149:         _execute(:insert, sql, opts)
150:       end

[Source]

    # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlanywhere.rb, line 93
93:       def execute_insert(sql, opts=OPTS)
94:         synchronize do |conn|
95:           _execute(conn, :insert, sql, opts)
96:         end
97:       end

Dynamically remove existing servers from the connection pool. Intended for use with master/slave or shard configurations where it is useful to remove existing server hosts at runtime.

servers should be symbols or arrays of symbols. If a nonexistent server is specified, it is ignored. If no servers have been specified for this database, no changes are made. If you attempt to remove the :default server, an error will be raised.

  DB.remove_servers(:f1, :f2)

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 216
216:     def remove_servers(*servers)
217:       if h = @opts[:servers]
218:         servers.flatten.each{|s| Sequel.synchronize{h.delete(s)}}
219:         @pool.remove_servers(servers)
220:       end
221:     end

Return the version of the MySQL server two which we are connecting.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/mysql.rb, line 164
164:       def server_version(server=nil)
165:         @server_version ||= (synchronize(server){|conn| conn.server_version if conn.respond_to?(:server_version)} || super)
166:       end

An array of servers/shards for this Database object.

  DB.servers # Unsharded: => [:default]
  DB.servers # Sharded:   => [:default, :server1, :server2]

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 227
227:     def servers
228:       pool.servers
229:     end

Returns true if the database is using a single-threaded connection pool.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 232
232:     def single_threaded?
233:       @single_threaded
234:     end

:nocov:

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 254
254:       def synchronize(server=nil, &block)
255:         @pool.hold(server || :default, &block)
256:       end

Acquires a database connection, yielding it to the passed block. This is useful if you want to make sure the same connection is used for all database queries in the block. It is also useful if you want to gain direct access to the underlying connection object if you need to do something Sequel does not natively support.

If a server option is given, acquires a connection for that specific server, instead of the :default server.

  DB.synchronize do |conn|
    # ...
  end

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 249
249:       def synchronize(server=nil)
250:         @pool.hold(server || :default){|conn| yield conn}
251:       end

Attempts to acquire a database connection. Returns true if successful. Will probably raise an Error if unsuccessful. If a server argument is given, attempts to acquire a database connection to the given server/shard.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 264
264:     def test_connection(server=nil)
265:       synchronize(server){|conn|}
266:       true
267:     end

Handle Integer and Float arguments, since SQLite can store timestamps as integers and floats.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/adapters/sqlite.rb, line 153
153:       def to_application_timestamp(s)
154:         case s
155:         when String
156:           super
157:         when Integer
158:           super(Time.at(s).to_s)
159:         when Float
160:           super(DateTime.jd(s).to_s)
161:         else
162:           raise Sequel::Error, "unhandled type when converting to : #{s.inspect} (#{s.class.inspect})"
163:         end
164:       end

Check whether the given connection is currently valid, by running a query against it. If the query fails, the connection should probably be removed from the connection pool.

[Source]

     # File lib/sequel/database/connecting.rb, line 273
273:     def valid_connection?(conn)
274:       sql = valid_connection_sql
275:       begin
276:         log_connection_execute(conn, sql)
277:       rescue Sequel::DatabaseError, *database_error_classes
278:         false
279:       else
280:         true
281:       end
282:     end