Class PluralRules

  • All Implemented Interfaces:
    java.io.Serializable

    public class PluralRules
    extends java.lang.Object
    implements java.io.Serializable

    Defines rules for mapping non-negative numeric values onto a small set of keywords.

    Rules are constructed from a text description, consisting of a series of keywords and conditions. The select(double) method examines each condition in order and returns the keyword for the first condition that matches the number. If none match, KEYWORD_OTHER is returned.

    A PluralRules object is immutable. It contains caches for sample values, but those are synchronized.

    PluralRules is Serializable so that it can be used in formatters, which are serializable.

    For more information, details, and tips for writing rules, see the LDML spec, Part 3.5 Language Plural Rules

    Examples:

     "one: n is 1; few: n in 2..4"
     

    This defines two rules, for 'one' and 'few'. The condition for 'one' is "n is 1" which means that the number must be equal to 1 for this condition to pass. The condition for 'few' is "n in 2..4" which means that the number must be between 2 and 4 inclusive - and be an integer - for this condition to pass. All other numbers are assigned the keyword "other" by the default rule.

     "zero: n is 0; one: n is 1; zero: n mod 100 in 1..19"
     

    This illustrates that the same keyword can be defined multiple times. Each rule is examined in order, and the first keyword whose condition passes is the one returned. Also notes that a modulus is applied to n in the last rule. Thus its condition holds for 119, 219, 319...

     "one: n is 1; few: n mod 10 in 2..4 and n mod 100 not in 12..14"
     

    This illustrates conjunction and negation. The condition for 'few' has two parts, both of which must be met: "n mod 10 in 2..4" and "n mod 100 not in 12..14". The first part applies a modulus to n before the test as in the previous example. The second part applies a different modulus and also uses negation, thus it matches all numbers not in 12, 13, 14, 112, 113, 114, 212, 213, 214...

    Syntax:

     rules         = rule (';' rule)*
     rule          = keyword ':' condition
     keyword       = <identifier>
     condition     = and_condition ('or' and_condition)*
     and_condition = relation ('and' relation)*
     relation      = not? expr not? rel not? range_list
     expr          = ('n' | 'i' | 'f' | 'v' | 't') (mod value)?
     not           = 'not' | '!'
     rel           = 'in' | 'is' | '=' | '≠' | 'within'
     mod           = 'mod' | '%'
     range_list    = (range | value) (',' range_list)*
     value         = digit+
     digit         = 0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9
     range         = value'..'value
     

    Each not term inverts the meaning; however, there should not be more than one of them.

    The i, f, t, and v values are defined as follows:

    • i to be the integer digits.
    • f to be the visible decimal digits, as an integer.
    • t to be the visible decimal digits—without trailing zeros—as an integer.
    • v to be the number of visible fraction digits.
    • j is defined to only match integers. That is j is 3 fails if v != 0 (eg for 3.1 or 3.0).

    Examples are in the following table:

    n i f v
    1.0 1 0 1
    1.00 1 0 2
    1.3 1 3 1
    1.03 1 3 2
    1.23 1 23 2

    An "identifier" is a sequence of characters that do not have the Unicode Pattern_Syntax or Pattern_White_Space properties.

    The difference between 'in' and 'within' is that 'in' only includes integers in the specified range, while 'within' includes all values. Using 'within' with a range_list consisting entirely of values is the same as using 'in' (it's not an error).

    See Also:
    Serialized Form
    • Field Detail

      • CATEGORY_SEPARATOR

        private static final java.lang.String CATEGORY_SEPARATOR
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values
      • keywords

        private final transient java.util.Set<java.lang.String> keywords
      • KEYWORD_ZERO

        public static final java.lang.String KEYWORD_ZERO
        Common name for the 'zero' plural form.
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values
      • KEYWORD_ONE

        public static final java.lang.String KEYWORD_ONE
        Common name for the 'singular' plural form.
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values
      • KEYWORD_TWO

        public static final java.lang.String KEYWORD_TWO
        Common name for the 'dual' plural form.
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values
      • KEYWORD_FEW

        public static final java.lang.String KEYWORD_FEW
        Common name for the 'paucal' or other special plural form.
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values
      • KEYWORD_MANY

        public static final java.lang.String KEYWORD_MANY
        Common name for the arabic (11 to 99) plural form.
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values
      • KEYWORD_OTHER

        public static final java.lang.String KEYWORD_OTHER
        Common name for the default plural form. This name is returned for values to which no other form in the rule applies. It can additionally be assigned rules of its own.
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values
      • AT_SEPARATED

        static final java.util.regex.Pattern AT_SEPARATED
      • OR_SEPARATED

        static final java.util.regex.Pattern OR_SEPARATED
      • AND_SEPARATED

        static final java.util.regex.Pattern AND_SEPARATED
      • COMMA_SEPARATED

        static final java.util.regex.Pattern COMMA_SEPARATED
      • DOTDOT_SEPARATED

        static final java.util.regex.Pattern DOTDOT_SEPARATED
      • TILDE_SEPARATED

        static final java.util.regex.Pattern TILDE_SEPARATED
      • SEMI_SEPARATED

        static final java.util.regex.Pattern SEMI_SEPARATED
    • Method Detail

      • parseDescription

        public static PluralRules parseDescription​(java.lang.String description)
                                            throws java.text.ParseException
        Parses a plural rules description and returns a PluralRules.
        Parameters:
        description - the rule description.
        Throws:
        java.text.ParseException - if the description cannot be parsed. The exception index is typically not set, it will be -1.
      • createRules

        public static PluralRules createRules​(java.lang.String description)
        Creates a PluralRules from a description if it is parsable, otherwise returns null.
        Parameters:
        description - the rule description.
        Returns:
        the PluralRules
      • newInternal

        @Deprecated
        public static PluralRules newInternal​(java.lang.String description,
                                              StandardPluralRanges ranges)
                                       throws java.text.ParseException
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Throws:
        java.text.ParseException
      • parseConstraint

        private static PluralRules.Constraint parseConstraint​(java.lang.String description)
                                                       throws java.text.ParseException
        Throws:
        java.text.ParseException
      • unexpected

        private static java.text.ParseException unexpected​(java.lang.String token,
                                                           java.lang.String context)
      • nextToken

        private static java.lang.String nextToken​(java.lang.String[] tokens,
                                                  int x,
                                                  java.lang.String context)
                                           throws java.text.ParseException
        Throws:
        java.text.ParseException
      • parseRule

        private static PluralRules.Rule parseRule​(java.lang.String description)
                                           throws java.text.ParseException
        Throws:
        java.text.ParseException
      • parseRuleChain

        private static PluralRules.RuleList parseRuleChain​(java.lang.String description)
                                                    throws java.text.ParseException
        Throws:
        java.text.ParseException
      • addRange

        private static void addRange​(java.lang.StringBuilder result,
                                     double lb,
                                     double ub,
                                     boolean addSeparator)
      • format

        private static java.lang.String format​(double lb)
      • forLocale

        public static PluralRules forLocale​(ULocale locale)
        Provides access to the predefined cardinal-number PluralRules for a given locale. Same as forLocale(locale, PluralType.CARDINAL).

        ICU defines plural rules for many locales based on CLDR Language Plural Rules. For these predefined rules, see CLDR page at https://unicode-org.github.io/cldr-staging/charts/latest/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html

        Parameters:
        locale - The locale for which a PluralRules object is returned.
        Returns:
        The predefined PluralRules object for this locale. If there's no predefined rules for this locale, the rules for the closest parent in the locale hierarchy that has one will be returned. The final fallback always returns the default rules.
      • forLocale

        public static PluralRules forLocale​(java.util.Locale locale)
        Provides access to the predefined cardinal-number PluralRules for a given Locale. Same as forLocale(locale, PluralType.CARDINAL).

        ICU defines plural rules for many locales based on CLDR Language Plural Rules. For these predefined rules, see CLDR page at https://unicode-org.github.io/cldr-staging/charts/latest/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html

        Parameters:
        locale - The locale for which a PluralRules object is returned.
        Returns:
        The predefined PluralRules object for this locale. If there's no predefined rules for this locale, the rules for the closest parent in the locale hierarchy that has one will be returned. The final fallback always returns the default rules.
      • forLocale

        public static PluralRules forLocale​(ULocale locale,
                                            PluralRules.PluralType type)
        Provides access to the predefined PluralRules for a given locale and the plural type.

        ICU defines plural rules for many locales based on CLDR Language Plural Rules. For these predefined rules, see CLDR page at https://unicode-org.github.io/cldr-staging/charts/latest/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html

        Parameters:
        locale - The locale for which a PluralRules object is returned.
        type - The plural type (e.g., cardinal or ordinal).
        Returns:
        The predefined PluralRules object for this locale. If there's no predefined rules for this locale, the rules for the closest parent in the locale hierarchy that has one will be returned. The final fallback always returns the default rules.
      • forLocale

        public static PluralRules forLocale​(java.util.Locale locale,
                                            PluralRules.PluralType type)
        Provides access to the predefined PluralRules for a given Locale and the plural type.

        ICU defines plural rules for many locales based on CLDR Language Plural Rules. For these predefined rules, see CLDR page at https://unicode-org.github.io/cldr-staging/charts/latest/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html

        Parameters:
        locale - The locale for which a PluralRules object is returned.
        type - The plural type (e.g., cardinal or ordinal).
        Returns:
        The predefined PluralRules object for this locale. If there's no predefined rules for this locale, the rules for the closest parent in the locale hierarchy that has one will be returned. The final fallback always returns the default rules.
      • isValidKeyword

        private static boolean isValidKeyword​(java.lang.String token)
      • hashCode

        public int hashCode()
        Overrides:
        hashCode in class java.lang.Object
      • select

        public java.lang.String select​(double number)
        Given a floating-point number, returns the keyword of the first rule that applies to the number.
        Parameters:
        number - The number for which the rule has to be determined.
        Returns:
        The keyword of the selected rule.
      • select

        public java.lang.String select​(FormattedNumber number)
        Given a formatted number, returns the keyword of the first rule that applies to the number. A FormattedNumber allows you to specify an exponent or trailing zeros, which can affect the plural category. To get a FormattedNumber, see NumberFormatter.
        Parameters:
        number - The number for which the rule has to be determined.
        Returns:
        The keyword of the selected rule.
      • select

        public java.lang.String select​(FormattedNumberRange range)
        Given a formatted number range, returns the overall plural form of the range. For example, "3-5" returns "other" in English. To get a FormattedNumberRange, see NumberRangeFormatter. This method only works if PluralRules was created with a locale. If it was created from PluralRules.createRules(), or if it was deserialized, this method throws UnsupportedOperationException.
        Parameters:
        range - The number range onto which the rules will be applied.
        Returns:
        The keyword of the selected rule.
        Throws:
        java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - If called on an instance without plural ranges data.
      • select

        @Deprecated
        public java.lang.String select​(double number,
                                       int countVisibleFractionDigits,
                                       long fractionaldigits)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Given a number, returns the keyword of the first rule that applies to the number.
        Parameters:
        number - The number for which the rule has to be determined.
        Returns:
        The keyword of the selected rule.
      • select

        @Deprecated
        public java.lang.String select​(PluralRules.IFixedDecimal number)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Given a number information, returns the keyword of the first rule that applies to the number.
        Parameters:
        number - The number information for which the rule has to be determined.
        Returns:
        The keyword of the selected rule.
      • matches

        @Deprecated
        public boolean matches​(PluralRules.FixedDecimal sample,
                               java.lang.String keyword)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Given a number information, and keyword, return whether the keyword would match the number.
        Parameters:
        sample - The number information for which the rule has to be determined.
        keyword - The keyword to filter on
      • getKeywords

        public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getKeywords()
        Returns a set of all rule keywords used in this PluralRules object. The rule "other" is always present by default.
        Returns:
        The set of keywords.
      • getUniqueKeywordValue

        public double getUniqueKeywordValue​(java.lang.String keyword)
        Returns the unique value that this keyword matches, or NO_UNIQUE_VALUE if the keyword matches multiple values or is not defined for this PluralRules.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword to check for a unique value
        Returns:
        The unique value for the keyword, or NO_UNIQUE_VALUE.
      • getUniqueKeywordDecimalQuantityValue

        @Deprecated
        public DecimalQuantity getUniqueKeywordDecimalQuantityValue​(java.lang.String keyword)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Returns the unique value that this keyword matches, or NO_UNIQUE_VALUE if the keyword matches multiple values or is not defined for this PluralRules.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword to check for a unique value
      • getAllKeywordValues

        public java.util.Collection<java.lang.Double> getAllKeywordValues​(java.lang.String keyword)
        Returns all the values that trigger this keyword, or null if the number of such values is unlimited.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword
        Returns:
        the values that trigger this keyword, or null. The returned collection is immutable. It will be empty if the keyword is not defined.
      • getAllKeywordDecimalQuantityValues

        @Deprecated
        public java.util.Collection<DecimalQuantity> getAllKeywordDecimalQuantityValues​(java.lang.String keyword)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Returns all the values that trigger this keyword, or null if the number of such values is unlimited.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword
        Returns:
        the values that trigger this keyword, or null. The returned collection is immutable. It will be empty if the keyword is not defined.
      • getAllKeywordValues

        @Deprecated
        public java.util.Collection<DecimalQuantity> getAllKeywordValues​(java.lang.String keyword,
                                                                         PluralRules.SampleType type)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Returns all the values that trigger this keyword, or null if the number of such values is unlimited.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword
        type - the type of samples requested, INTEGER or DECIMAL
        Returns:
        the values that trigger this keyword, or null. The returned collection is immutable. It will be empty if the keyword is not defined.
      • getSamples

        public java.util.Collection<java.lang.Double> getSamples​(java.lang.String keyword)
        Returns a list of integer values for which select() would return that keyword, or null if the keyword is not defined. The returned collection is unmodifiable. The returned list is not complete, and there might be additional values that would return the keyword.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword to test
        Returns:
        a list of values matching the keyword.
      • getDecimalQuantitySamples

        @Deprecated
        public java.util.Collection<DecimalQuantity> getDecimalQuantitySamples​(java.lang.String keyword)
        Deprecated.
        ICU internal only
        Returns a list of integer values for which select() would return that keyword, or null if the keyword is not defined. The returned collection is unmodifiable. The returned list is not complete, and there might be additional values that would return the keyword.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword to test
        Returns:
        a list of values matching the keyword.
      • getSamples

        @Deprecated
        public java.util.Collection<java.lang.Double> getSamples​(java.lang.String keyword,
                                                                 PluralRules.SampleType sampleType)
        Deprecated.
        ICU internal only
        Returns a list of values for which select() would return that keyword, or null if the keyword is not defined. The returned collection is unmodifiable. The returned list is not complete, and there might be additional values that would return the keyword. The keyword might be defined, and yet have an empty set of samples, IF there are samples for the other sampleType.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword to test
        sampleType - the type of samples requested, INTEGER or DECIMAL
        Returns:
        a list of values matching the keyword.
      • getDecimalQuantitySamples

        @Deprecated
        public java.util.Collection<DecimalQuantity> getDecimalQuantitySamples​(java.lang.String keyword,
                                                                               PluralRules.SampleType sampleType)
        Deprecated.
        ICU internal only
        Returns a list of values for which select() would return that keyword, or null if the keyword is not defined. The returned collection is unmodifiable. The returned list is not complete, and there might be additional values that would return the keyword. The keyword might be defined, and yet have an empty set of samples, IF there are samples for the other sampleType.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword to test
        sampleType - the type of samples requested, INTEGER or DECIMAL
        Returns:
        a list of values matching the keyword.
      • getDecimalSamples

        @Deprecated
        public PluralRules.DecimalQuantitySamples getDecimalSamples​(java.lang.String keyword,
                                                                    PluralRules.SampleType sampleType)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Returns a list of values for which select() would return that keyword, or null if the keyword is not defined or no samples are available. The returned collection is unmodifiable. The returned list is not complete, and there might be additional values that would return the keyword.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the keyword to test
        sampleType - the type of samples requested, INTEGER or DECIMAL
        Returns:
        a list of values matching the keyword.
      • getAvailableULocales

        public static ULocale[] getAvailableULocales()
        Returns the set of locales for which PluralRules are known.
        Returns:
        the set of locales for which PluralRules are known, as a list
      • getFunctionalEquivalent

        public static ULocale getFunctionalEquivalent​(ULocale locale,
                                                      boolean[] isAvailable)
        Returns the 'functionally equivalent' locale with respect to plural rules. Calling PluralRules.forLocale with the functionally equivalent locale, and with the provided locale, returns rules that behave the same.
        All locales with the same functionally equivalent locale have plural rules that behave the same. This is not exhaustive; there may be other locales whose plural rules behave the same that do not have the same equivalent locale.
        Parameters:
        locale - the locale to check
        isAvailable - if not null and of length > 0, this will hold 'true' at index 0 if locale is directly defined (without fallback) as having plural rules
        Returns:
        the functionally-equivalent locale
      • toString

        public java.lang.String toString()
        Overrides:
        toString in class java.lang.Object
      • equals

        public boolean equals​(java.lang.Object rhs)
        Overrides:
        equals in class java.lang.Object
      • equals

        public boolean equals​(PluralRules rhs)
        Returns true if rhs is equal to this.
        Parameters:
        rhs - the PluralRules to compare to.
        Returns:
        true if this and rhs are equal.
      • getKeywordStatus

        public PluralRules.KeywordStatus getKeywordStatus​(java.lang.String keyword,
                                                          int offset,
                                                          java.util.Set<DecimalQuantity> explicits,
                                                          Output<DecimalQuantity> uniqueValue)
        Find the status for the keyword, given a certain set of explicit values.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the particular keyword (call rules.getKeywords() to get the valid ones)
        offset - the offset used, or 0.0d if not. Internally, the offset is subtracted from each explicit value before checking against the keyword values.
        explicits - a set of DecimalQuantitys that are used explicitly (eg [=0], "[=1]"). May be empty or null.
        uniqueValue - If non null, set to the unique value.
        Returns:
        the KeywordStatus
      • getKeywordStatus

        @Deprecated
        public PluralRules.KeywordStatus getKeywordStatus​(java.lang.String keyword,
                                                          int offset,
                                                          java.util.Set<DecimalQuantity> explicits,
                                                          Output<DecimalQuantity> uniqueValue,
                                                          PluralRules.SampleType sampleType)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
        Find the status for the keyword, given a certain set of explicit values.
        Parameters:
        keyword - the particular keyword (call rules.getKeywords() to get the valid ones)
        offset - the offset used, or 0.0d if not. Internally, the offset is subtracted from each explicit value before checking against the keyword values.
        explicits - a set of DecimalQuantitys that are used explicitly (eg [=0], "[=1]"). May be empty or null.
        sampleType - request KeywordStatus relative to INTEGER or DECIMAL values
        uniqueValue - If non null, set to the unique value.
        Returns:
        the KeywordStatus
      • getRules

        @Deprecated
        public java.lang.String getRules​(java.lang.String keyword)
        Deprecated.
        This API is ICU internal only.
      • writeObject

        private void writeObject​(java.io.ObjectOutputStream out)
                          throws java.io.IOException
        Throws:
        java.io.IOException
      • readObject

        private void readObject​(java.io.ObjectInputStream in)
                         throws java.io.IOException,
                                java.lang.ClassNotFoundException
        Throws:
        java.io.IOException
        java.lang.ClassNotFoundException
      • writeReplace

        private java.lang.Object writeReplace()
                                       throws java.io.ObjectStreamException
        Throws:
        java.io.ObjectStreamException
      • compareTo

        @Deprecated
        public int compareTo​(PluralRules other)
        Deprecated.
        internal
      • isLimited

        java.lang.Boolean isLimited​(java.lang.String keyword)
      • isLimited

        @Deprecated
        public boolean isLimited​(java.lang.String keyword,
                                 PluralRules.SampleType sampleType)
        Deprecated.
        internal
      • computeLimited

        @Deprecated
        public boolean computeLimited​(java.lang.String keyword,
                                      PluralRules.SampleType sampleType)
        Deprecated.
        internal