# curs_kernel 3x 2025-08-16 ncurses 6.5 Library calls

    curs_kernel(3x)                  Library calls                 curs_kernel(3x)

## NAME

           def_prog_mode,   def_shell_mode,   reset_prog_mode,   reset_shell_mode,
           resetty, savetty, getsyx, setsyx, curs_set, mvcur, napms, ripoffline  -
           low-level curses routines

## SYNOPSIS

           #include <curses.h>

           int def_prog_mode(void);
           int def_shell_mode(void);

           int reset_prog_mode(void);
           int reset_shell_mode(void);

           int resetty(void);
           int savetty(void);

           void getsyx(int y, int x);
           void setsyx(int y, int x);

           int curs_set(int visibility);
           int mvcur(int oldrow, int oldcol, int newrow, int newcol);
           int napms(int ms);
           int ripoffline(int line, int (*init)(WINDOW *, int));

## DESCRIPTION

           The   following  routines  give  low-level  access  to  various  curses
           capabilities.   These  routines  typically  are  used  inside   library
           routines.

### def_prog_mode, def_shell_mode

           The def_prog_mode and def_shell_mode routines save the current terminal
           modes as the "program" (in curses) or "shell" (not in curses) state for
           use by the reset_prog_mode and reset_shell_mode routines.  This is done
           automatically by initscr.  There is one such save area for each  screen
           context allocated by newterm.

### reset_prog_mode, reset_shell_mode

           The  reset_prog_mode and reset_shell_mode routines restore the terminal
           to "program" (in curses) or "shell" (out of curses) state.   These  are
           done  automatically by endwin(3x) and, after an endwin, by doupdate, so
           they normally are not called.

### resetty, savetty

           The resetty and savetty routines save and  restore  the  state  of  the
           terminal  modes.   savetty  saves  the  current  state  in a buffer and
           resetty restores the state to what it was at the last call to savetty.

### getsyx

           getsyx stores the coordinates of virtual screen (newscr)  cursor  in  y
           and x.  If newscr's leaveok(3x) output option is TRUE, getsyx stores -1
           in both y and x.  If lines have been removed from the top of the screen
           using  ripoffline, y includes these lines; therefore, y and x populated
           by getsyx should be used only as arguments for setsyx.

           Few applications use this feature; most call getyx(3x) instead.

### setsyx

           setsyx sets the virtual screen (newscr)  cursor  location  to  (y,  x).
           setsyx(-1, -1) is equivalent to leaveok(newscr, TRUE).

           getsyx  and  setsyx  are  designed  to  be  used  by  a  function  that
           manipulates curses windows but  seeks  to  avoid  changing  the  cursor
           position.  Such a function would first call getsyx, modify its windows'
           content,  call  wnoutrefresh(3x)  on  them,  call  setsyx,  then   call
           doupdate(3x).

           Few applications use this feature; most call wmove(3x) instead.

### curs_set

           curs_set adjusts the cursor visibility to "invisible", "visible", "very
           visible", as its argument is 0, 1, or 2, respectively.  It returns  the
           previous  visibility  if  the  requested  one  is  supported,  and  ERR
           otherwise.

### mvcur

           mvcur provides low-level cursor motion.  It takes  effect  immediately,
           rather  than  at  the  next refresh.  Unlike the other low-level output
           functions, which either write to the  standard  output  stream  or  are
           passed  a  function  pointer  to  perform  output,  mvcur  uses  a file
           descriptor derived from the output stream parameter of newterm(3x).

           One application of mvcur  accompanies  the  temporary  use  of  another
           program  to  write  to  the  terminal  screen.  For example, first call
           refresh(3x) to ensure that the screen and the library's model of it are
           up  to  date;  then call reset_shell_mode; write to the screen with the
           external application; call reset_prog_mode; and finally call mvcur(...,
           ...,  -1, -1) to move the terminal cursor to where curses thinks it is,
           since the library has no knowledge  of  how  the  external  application
           moved it.

### napms

           napms  sleeps  for  ms  milliseconds.   If  ms  exceeds  30,000 (thirty
           seconds), ncurses caps it at that value.

### ripoffline

           ripoffline provides access to the same facility that slk_init(3x)  uses
           to reduce the size of the screen.  The application must call ripoffline
           before initscr(3x) or newterm(3x) so that the latter functions  prepare
           a stdscr of the correct size.

           o   If line is positive, ripoffline removes a line from the top of what
               will become stdscr.

           o   If line is negative, ripoffline removes a line from the  bottom  of
               what will become stdscr.

           When initscr initializes curses, it calls the init function supplied to
           ripoffline by the application with two arguments:

           o   a pointer to the one-line WINDOW that it allocates, and

           o   an integer with the number of columns in the window.

           Inside this init function, the values of the  integer  variables  LINES
           and COLS (see curs_variables(3x)) are not guaranteed to be reliable; it
           must not call wrefresh(3x) or doupdate(3x).  A wnoutrefresh(3x) call is
           permissible.

           ripoffline can be called up to five times before initscr or newterm.

## RETURN VALUE

           Except  for  curs_set,  these functions return OK on success and ERR on
           failure.

           curs_set returns the previous cursor visibility, and returns ERR if the
           terminal type does not support the requested visibility.

           napms always succeeds.

           mvcur  fails  if  the  position  (newrow, newcol) is outside the screen
           boundaries.

           In ncurses,

           o   def_prog_mode,      def_shell_mode,      reset_prog_mode,       and
               reset_shell_mode return ERR if the terminal was not initialized, or
               if the operating system's function for obtaining terminal  settings
               fails.

           o   ripoffline  returns  ERR  if the accumulated quantity of ripped-off
               lines would exceed the maximum (5).

## NOTES

           getsyx is a macro; use of  the  &  operator  before  its  arguments  is
           unnecessary.

           The  endwin  function of both ncurses and SVr4 curses calls curs_set if
           the latter has previously been called to set the cursor visibility to a
           value  other  than  normal;  that is, either invisible or very visible.
           There is no way for ncurses to determine the initial cursor  visibility
           to restore it.

           ncurses imposes a limit of 30 seconds on a delay requested of napms.

           While  the init function called by ripoffline is specified to return an
           int, ncurses pays no attention to its return value.

           If ripoffline cannot allocate memory for the required WINDOW  structure
           backing  the  ripped-off  line,  it stores a null pointer to the WINDOW
           pointer  argument  supplied  by  the  init  function  the   application
           specifies.  The application must check this argument for validity after
           calling initscr and prior  to  performing  curses  operations  on  that
           window.

## EXTENSIONS

           In  ncurses, mvcur accepts -1 for either or both old coordinates.  This
           value tells ncurses that the old location is unknown, and that it  must
           use  only absolute motion, as with the cursor_address (cup) capability,
           rather than the least  costly  combination  of  absolute  and  relative
           motion.

## PORTABILITY

           Applications employing ncurses extensions should condition their use on
           the visibility of the NCURSES_VERSION preprocessor macro.

           The virtual screen functions setsyx and getsyx  are  not  described  in
           X/Open  Curses  Issue 4.   SVr4  documents each of them as returning an
           int.  This is  misleading,  as  they  are  macros  with  no  documented
           semantics for returning values.

           All other functions are as described in X/Open Curses.  It specifies no
           error conditions for them, except as described for curs_set in  section
           "RETURN VALUE" above.

           The  System V  Interface Definition, Version 4 (1995), specified all of
           these functions except curs_set as returning OK.

           Older SVr4 man pages  warn  that  the  return  value  of  curs_set  "is
           currently  incorrect".  This implementation gets it right, but counting
           on its correctness anywhere else may be unwise.

           X/Open Curses specifies ripoffline as returning OK with no  possibility
           of  failure  ("[c]alls to ripoffline above this limit [five lines] have
           no effect but report success").

           X/Open Curses notes:

                  After use of mvcur(), the model Curses maintains of the state of
                  the  terminal  might not match the actual state of the terminal.
                  An application  should  touch  and  refresh  the  window  before
                  resuming conventional use of Curses.

           Both  ncurses  and  SVr4 curses implement mvcur using the SCREEN object
           allocated in either initscr(3x) or newterm(3x).  X/Open  Curses  states
           that  the old location must be given for mvcur to accommodate terminals
           that lack absolute cursor positioning.

           If interrupted by a signal, ncurses  restarts  napms.   That,  and  the
           limitation to 30 seconds, differ from other implementations.

## SEE ALSO

           curses(3x),   curs_initscr(3x),   curs_outopts(3x),   curs_refresh(3x),
           curs_scr_dump(3x), curs_slk(3x), curs_variables(3x)

    ncurses 6.5                       2025-08-16                   curs_kernel(3x)