module ActiveRecord::AutosaveAssociation
Active Record Autosave Association¶ ↑
AutosaveAssociation
is a module that takes care of automatically saving associated records when their parent is saved. In addition to saving, it also destroys any associated records that were marked for destruction. (See mark_for_destruction
and marked_for_destruction?
).
Saving of the parent, its associations, and the destruction of marked associations, all happen inside a transaction. This should never leave the database in an inconsistent state.
If validations for any of the associations fail, their error messages will be applied to the parent.
Note that it also means that associations marked for destruction won’t be destroyed directly. They will however still be marked for destruction.
Note that autosave: false
is not same as not declaring :autosave
. When the :autosave
option is not present then new association records are saved but the updated association records are not saved.
Validation¶ ↑
Child records are validated unless :validate
is false
.
Callbacks¶ ↑
Association with autosave option defines several callbacks on your model (around_save, before_save, after_create, after_update). Please note that callbacks are executed in the order they were defined in model. You should avoid modifying the association content before autosave callbacks are executed. Placing your callbacks after associations is usually a good practice.
One-to-one Example¶ ↑
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :author, autosave: true end
Saving changes to the parent and its associated model can now be performed automatically and atomically:
post = Post.find(1) post.title # => "The current global position of migrating ducks" post.author.name # => "alloy" post.title = "On the migration of ducks" post.author.name = "Eloy Duran" post.save post.reload post.title # => "On the migration of ducks" post.author.name # => "Eloy Duran"
Destroying an associated model, as part of the parent’s save action, is as simple as marking it for destruction:
post.author.mark_for_destruction post.author.marked_for_destruction? # => true
Note that the model is not yet removed from the database:
id = post.author.id Author.find_by(id: id).nil? # => false post.save post.reload.author # => nil
Now it is removed from the database:
Author.find_by(id: id).nil? # => true
One-to-many Example¶ ↑
When :autosave
is not declared new children are saved when their parent is saved:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :comments # :autosave option is not declared end post = Post.new(title: 'ruby rocks') post.comments.build(body: 'hello world') post.save # => saves both post and comment post = Post.create(title: 'ruby rocks') post.comments.build(body: 'hello world') post.save # => saves both post and comment post = Post.create(title: 'ruby rocks') comment = post.comments.create(body: 'hello world') comment.body = 'hi everyone' post.save # => saves post, but not comment
When :autosave
is true all children are saved, no matter whether they are new records or not:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :comments, autosave: true end post = Post.create(title: 'ruby rocks') comment = post.comments.create(body: 'hello world') comment.body = 'hi everyone' post.comments.build(body: "good morning.") post.save # => saves post and both comments.
Destroying one of the associated models as part of the parent’s save action is as simple as marking it for destruction:
post.comments # => [#<Comment id: 1, ...>, #<Comment id: 2, ...]> post.comments[1].mark_for_destruction post.comments[1].marked_for_destruction? # => true post.comments.length # => 2
Note that the model is not yet removed from the database:
id = post.comments.last.id Comment.find_by(id: id).nil? # => false post.save post.reload.comments.length # => 1
Now it is removed from the database:
Comment.find_by(id: id).nil? # => true
Caveats¶ ↑
Note that autosave will only trigger for already-persisted association records if the records themselves have been changed. This is to protect against SystemStackError
caused by circular association validations. The one exception is if a custom validation context is used, in which case the validations will always fire on the associated records.
Public Instance Methods
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 284 def autosaving_belongs_to_for?(association) @autosaving_belongs_to_for ||= {} @autosaving_belongs_to_for[association] end
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 275 def changed_for_autosave? new_record? || has_changes_to_save? || marked_for_destruction? || nested_records_changed_for_autosave? end
Returns whether or not this record has been changed in any way (including whether any of its nested autosave associations are likewise changed)
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 269 def destroyed_by_association @destroyed_by_association end
Returns the association for the parent being destroyed.
Used to avoid updating the counter cache unnecessarily.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 262 def destroyed_by_association=(reflection) @destroyed_by_association = reflection end
Records the association that is being destroyed and destroying this record in the process.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 249 def mark_for_destruction @marked_for_destruction = true end
Marks this record to be destroyed as part of the parent’s save transaction. This does not actually destroy the record instantly, rather child record will be destroyed when parent.save
is called.
Only useful if the :autosave
option on the parent is enabled for this associated model.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 256 def marked_for_destruction? @marked_for_destruction end
Returns whether or not this record will be destroyed as part of the parent’s save transaction.
Only useful if the :autosave
option on the parent is enabled for this associated model.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 238 def reload(options = nil) @marked_for_destruction = false @destroyed_by_association = nil super end
Reloads the attributes of the object as usual and clears marked_for_destruction
flag.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 279 def validating_belongs_to_for?(association) @validating_belongs_to_for ||= {} @validating_belongs_to_for[association] end
Private Instance Methods
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 582 def _ensure_no_duplicate_errors errors.uniq! end
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 500 def _record_changed?(reflection, record, key) record.new_record? || (association_foreign_key_changed?(reflection, record, key) || inverse_polymorphic_association_changed?(reflection, record)) || record.will_save_change_to_attribute?(reflection.foreign_key) end
If the record is new or it has changed, returns true.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 392 def around_save_collection_association previously_new_record_before_save = (@new_record_before_save ||= false) @new_record_before_save = !previously_new_record_before_save && new_record? yield ensure @new_record_before_save = previously_new_record_before_save end
Is used as an around_save callback to check while saving a collection association whether or not the parent was a new record before saving.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 298 def associated_records_to_validate_or_save(association, new_record, autosave) if new_record || custom_validation_context? association && association.target elsif autosave association.target.find_all(&:changed_for_autosave?) else association.target.find_all(&:new_record?) end end
Returns the record for an association collection that should be validated or saved. If autosave
is false
only new records will be returned, unless the parent is/was a new record itself.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 507 def association_foreign_key_changed?(reflection, record, key) return false if reflection.through_reflection? foreign_key = Array(reflection.foreign_key) return false unless foreign_key.all? { |key| record._has_attribute?(key) } foreign_key.map { |key| record._read_attribute(key) } != Array(key) end
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 371 def association_valid?(association, record) return true if record.destroyed? || (association.options[:autosave] && record.marked_for_destruction?) context = validation_context if custom_validation_context? unless valid = record.valid?(context) if association.options[:autosave] record.errors.each { |error| self.errors.objects.append( Associations::NestedError.new(association, error) ) } else errors.add(association.reflection.name) end end valid end
Returns whether or not the association is valid and applies any errors to the parent, self
, if it wasn’t. Skips any :autosave
enabled records if they’re marked_for_destruction? or destroyed.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 566 def compute_primary_key(reflection, record) if primary_key_options = reflection.options[:primary_key] primary_key_options elsif reflection.options[:query_constraints] && (query_constraints = record.class.query_constraints_list) query_constraints elsif record.class.has_query_constraints? && !reflection.options[:foreign_key] record.class.query_constraints_list elsif record.class.composite_primary_key? # If record has composite primary key of shape [:<tenant_key>, :id], infer primary_key as :id primary_key = record.class.primary_key primary_key.include?("id") ? "id" : primary_key else record.class.primary_key end end
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 290 def init_internals super @_already_called = nil end
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 516 def inverse_polymorphic_association_changed?(reflection, record) return false unless reflection.inverse_of&.polymorphic? class_name = record._read_attribute(reflection.inverse_of.foreign_type) reflection.active_record != record.class.polymorphic_class_for(class_name) end
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 311 def nested_records_changed_for_autosave? @_nested_records_changed_for_autosave_already_called ||= false return false if @_nested_records_changed_for_autosave_already_called begin @_nested_records_changed_for_autosave_already_called = true self.class._reflections.values.any? do |reflection| if reflection.options[:autosave] association = association_instance_get(reflection.name) association && Array.wrap(association.target).any?(&:changed_for_autosave?) end end ensure @_nested_records_changed_for_autosave_already_called = false end end
Go through nested autosave associations that are loaded in memory (without loading any new ones), and return true if any are changed for autosave. Returns false if already called to prevent an infinite loop.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 526 def save_belongs_to_association(reflection) association = association_instance_get(reflection.name) return unless association && association.loaded? && !association.stale_target? record = association.load_target if record && !record.destroyed? autosave = reflection.options[:autosave] if autosave && record.marked_for_destruction? foreign_key = Array(reflection.foreign_key) foreign_key.each { |key| self[key] = nil } record.destroy elsif autosave != false saved = if record.new_record? || (autosave && record.changed_for_autosave?) begin @autosaving_belongs_to_for ||= {} @autosaving_belongs_to_for[association] = true record.save(validate: !autosave) ensure @autosaving_belongs_to_for[association] = false end end if association.updated? primary_key = Array(compute_primary_key(reflection, record)).map(&:to_s) foreign_key = Array(reflection.foreign_key) primary_key_foreign_key_pairs = primary_key.zip(foreign_key) primary_key_foreign_key_pairs.each do |primary_key, foreign_key| association_id = record._read_attribute(primary_key) self[foreign_key] = association_id unless self[foreign_key] == association_id end association.loaded! end saved if autosave end end end
Saves the associated record if it’s new or :autosave
is enabled.
In addition, it will destroy the association if it was marked for destruction.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 409 def save_collection_association(reflection) if association = association_instance_get(reflection.name) autosave = reflection.options[:autosave] # By saving the instance variable in a local variable, # we make the whole callback re-entrant. new_record_before_save = @new_record_before_save # reconstruct the scope now that we know the owner's id association.reset_scope if records = associated_records_to_validate_or_save(association, new_record_before_save, autosave) if autosave records_to_destroy = records.select(&:marked_for_destruction?) records_to_destroy.each { |record| association.destroy(record) } records -= records_to_destroy end records.each do |record| next if record.destroyed? saved = true if autosave != false && (new_record_before_save || record.new_record?) association.set_inverse_instance(record) if autosave saved = association.insert_record(record, false) elsif !reflection.nested? association_saved = association.insert_record(record) if reflection.validate? errors.add(reflection.name) unless association_saved saved = association_saved end end elsif autosave saved = record.save(validate: false) end raise(RecordInvalid.new(association.owner)) unless saved end end end end
Saves any new associated records, or all loaded autosave associations if :autosave
is enabled on the association.
In addition, it destroys all children that were marked for destruction with mark_for_destruction
.
This all happens inside a transaction, if the Transactions
module is included into ActiveRecord::Base
after the AutosaveAssociation
module, which it does by default.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 463 def save_has_one_association(reflection) association = association_instance_get(reflection.name) return unless association && association.loaded? record = association.load_target return unless record && !record.destroyed? autosave = reflection.options[:autosave] if autosave && record.marked_for_destruction? record.destroy elsif autosave != false primary_key = Array(compute_primary_key(reflection, self)).map(&:to_s) primary_key_value = primary_key.map { |key| _read_attribute(key) } return unless (autosave && record.changed_for_autosave?) || _record_changed?(reflection, record, primary_key_value) unless reflection.through_reflection foreign_key = Array(reflection.foreign_key) primary_key_foreign_key_pairs = primary_key.zip(foreign_key) primary_key_foreign_key_pairs.each do |primary_key, foreign_key| association_id = _read_attribute(primary_key) record[foreign_key] = association_id unless record[foreign_key] == association_id end association.set_inverse_instance(record) end inverse_association = reflection.inverse_of && record.association(reflection.inverse_of.name) return if inverse_association && record.autosaving_belongs_to_for?(inverse_association) saved = record.save(validate: !autosave) raise ActiveRecord::Rollback if !saved && autosave saved end end
Saves the associated record if it’s new or :autosave
is enabled on the association.
In addition, it will destroy the association if it was marked for destruction with mark_for_destruction
.
This all happens inside a transaction, if the Transactions
module is included into ActiveRecord::Base
after the AutosaveAssociation
module, which it does by default.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 343 def validate_belongs_to_association(reflection) association = association_instance_get(reflection.name) record = association && association.reader return unless record && (record.changed_for_autosave? || custom_validation_context?) begin @validating_belongs_to_for ||= {} @validating_belongs_to_for[association] = true association_valid?(association, record) ensure @validating_belongs_to_for[association] = false end end
Validate the association if :validate
or :autosave
is turned on for the belongs_to association.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 360 def validate_collection_association(reflection) if association = association_instance_get(reflection.name) if records = associated_records_to_validate_or_save(association, new_record?, reflection.options[:autosave]) records.each { |record| association_valid?(association, record) } end end end
Validate the associated records if :validate
or :autosave
is turned on for the association specified by reflection
.
Source
# File lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb, line 329 def validate_has_one_association(reflection) association = association_instance_get(reflection.name) record = association && association.reader return unless record && (record.changed_for_autosave? || custom_validation_context?) inverse_association = reflection.inverse_of && record.association(reflection.inverse_of.name) return if inverse_association && (record.validating_belongs_to_for?(inverse_association) || record.autosaving_belongs_to_for?(inverse_association)) association_valid?(association, record) end
Validate the association if :validate
or :autosave
is turned on for the has_one association.